陕西省部分地区居民血铅和尿铅分布特征

Distribution characteristics of blood and urine lead among residents in some areas of Shaanxi province

目的了解陕西省部分地区常住居民血铅、尿铅水平。方法于2017年,在陕西省系统随机抽取5个县(区)15个居委会(行政村)715人作为调查对象,收集人群特征信息,检测血铅、尿铅水平。结果陕西省部分地区常住居民血铅中位数为16.17μg/L,最高值为83.13μg/L;尿铅中位数为1.01μg/L,最高值为14.85μg/L。各年龄组血铅间比较,差异有统计学意义(H=64.070,P<0.001),其中,40~59岁年龄段最高,12~18岁年龄段最低。男性血铅高于女性,差异有统计学意义(Z=-7.082,P<0.001)。城镇和乡村人群血铅水平间比较,差异无统计学意义(Z=-0.256,P=0.798)。各年龄组尿铅间比较,差异有统计学意义(H=25.472,P<0.001),其中,19~39岁年龄段最高,3~5岁年龄段最低。男性尿铅高于女性,差异有统计学意义(Z=-2.275,P=0.023)。乡村人群尿铅高于城镇人群,差异有统计学意义(Z=-3.984,P<0.001)。在3~79岁范围内每增加1岁,血铅平均增加0.098μg/L,尿铅平均增加0.007μg/L;男性血铅平均比女性高3.760μg/L;城乡居住地对居民血铅、尿铅及性别对尿铅的影响均无统计学意义。结论陕西省部分地区居民血铅尿铅处于相对较低水平。

Objective To understand the levels of blood and urine lead of residents in some areas of Shaanxi province.Methods A total of 715 individuals,permanent residents,from 15 neighborhood committees(administrative villages)in five counties(districts)in Shaanxi province were randomly selected as the investigation objects,and the characteristic information of the population was collected,the blood and urine lead levels were detected in 2017.Results The median of blood lead level was 16.17μg/L,and the highest value was 83.13μg/L;The median of urine lead level was 1.01μg/L,and the highest value was 14.85μg/L.The blood lead levels revealed significant differences between different age groups(H=64.070,P<0.001),the highest level in residents aged 40-59,the lowest in residents aged 12-18.The blood lead level of male was significantly higher than that of female(Z=-7.082,P<0.001).There was no significant difference in blood lead level between urban and rural population(Z=-0.256,P=0.798).There was a statistically significant difference in urine lead between different age groups(H=25.472,P<0.001),and the highest urine lead level was found in the group aged 19-39 and the lowest level was in the group aged 3-5.Male urine lead was significantly higher compared with female(Z=-2.275,P=0.023).The urine lead level of rural population was higher than that of urban population,with significant difference(Z=-3.984,P<0.001).The mean blood lead and urine lead increased by 0.098μg/L and 0.007μg/L respectively associated with an increase of one year in the range of 3-79 years old.The average blood lead level of male was 3.760μg/L higher than that of female.No significant difference was observed in blood lead and urine lead between urban and rural residents,as well as in urine lead among male and female.Conclusion The blood lead and urine lead of residents in some areas of Shaanxi province is at relatively lower levels.