饮用水六价铬暴露健康效应的研究进展

Health effects of hexavalent chromium exposure in drinking water:a review of recent studies

铬天然存在于自然环境中,其化合物被广泛应用于冶金、化工、纺织、轻工、机械等行业,但也可造成环境污染。六价铬可以通过消化道,呼吸道,皮肤和黏膜进入人体,已被证实是一种吸入致癌物。笔者综述了饮水六价铬的来源、暴露途径和暴露特点及其在人体内的吸收和转化,总结了饮水六价铬暴露的健康效应及生物标志物,并对饮水六价铬的致癌风险研究进行了分析和展望。

Chromium exists in the natural environment,and chromium compounds are widely used in metallurgy,chemical industry,textile,light industry,machinery and other industries,and also cause environmental pollution.Hexavalent chromium can enter the human body through the digestive tract,respiratory tract,skin and mucosa and has been proved to be an inhaled carcinogen. This paper elaborated the sources,exposure pathways and exposure characteristics of hexavalent chromium in drinking water,and discussed the absorption and translation of chromium in human body,and summarized the health risks and biomarkers of exposure to hexavalent chromium in drinking water,and prospected the study on the carcinogenic risk of hexavalent chromium in drinking water.