何以安魂:“便房”再研究

On’Bian Fang’as Where the Soul Rests

"便房"作为文献记载中的葬具,自服虔、如淳、颜师古为《汉书》作注起便有争议。近五十年来,在考古发现的推动下,对"便房"形制的讨论更是众说纷纭。本文认为,"便房"的形制服务于安魂的功能,并以定陶灵圣湖二号墓为例进行具体分析,推断该墓盛放着缀璧丝袍的竹笥是有意埋藏的"灵位"。该墓内区、顶部凸出一层枋木的建筑营造了安魂的礼仪空间,是迄今发现的最合乎礼制的"便房"。

The debates over‘Bianfang’(‘便房’,Biànfáng in Chinese character and Pinyin)documented as burial furnish in historical data remain ever since the ancient scholars Fu Qian,Ru Chun and Yan Shigu made note on it in the History of the Han Dynasty,and more opinions to‘Bianfang’in structure,shape and function are following the 50-year archaeological discoveries to this day.This thesis on‘Bianfang’structurally and culturally and functionally with the case of Tomb 2 by Lingsheng Lake in Dingtao comes up with the following:the structure of‘Bianfang’is where the soul of the deceased rests in peace;the bamboo-plaited suitcase with the jade-decorated silk gown inside is buried intentionally as the‘memorial tablet’of the tomb master.Inside the tomb is there a raising-roofed wood chamber for the enshrinement of tomb master’s soul,which is the ever discovered‘Bianfang’constructed exactly as required by the rites by far.