“式样图”所见“伊犁九城”形态与布局

The Formation and Layout of’Ili’s Nine Towns’in the’Planning Maps’

新疆"伊犁九城"在形态及布局上颇为典型,而且由于建于生地,能鲜明地体现出清代驻防城营建思想。利用清宫档案资料,特别是其中所附"式样图",再结合考古调查与分析,可知"伊犁九城"均为方形城址,并且规划基于一定的模数。城内的布局突出了几何中心的重要性,其中,"满城"惠远城还按照八旗驻防进行了分区。"伊犁九城"在空间布局上,体现出以两座"满城"为核心的双核结构,这是由清时新疆的军政势态所决定的。

The establishment of nine towns around the the Prefecture of Ili was the implementation of the Qing Court strategy constructing satellite towns for garrisoning and guarding border areas in history.The combination of the Qing Court`s‘planning maps’of these towns with the archaeological results suggests that all the towns were squarebased,each of them was planned by a certain modulus highlighting geometric center for the pattern of the town.Huiyuan was known as‘Manchu town’with the garrison areas matching the eight banners.‘Ili’s Nine Towns’having two‘Manchu towns’as dual-core structure in overall arrangement is decided by the military and political situation in Xinjiang region of the Qing dynasty.