能动、价值与原则——马克思正义观的三个问题

Agency、Value and Principle——Three Questions of Marx's Concept of Justice

在马克思正义问题的争论中,客观规律与主观能动性、事实判断与价值判断及建立在对前两个问题理解基础上的正义原则,是马克思正义观的三个重要问题。根据马克思文本,科学的历史唯物主义与主体能动性之间不存在根本对立,客观发展的生产力和主体能动性对正义问题的解决同样重要;异化与剥削作为马克思政治哲学的核心概念并非只有事实判断这一维度,二者内在地隐含着马克思对资本主义的价值评判;不同于当代自由主义对平等与自由间张力的争论,在马克思理解的真正的共同体内部,自由与平等是相互支撑且不存在根本冲突的价值原则。只有从这三个问题全面理解与把握马克思正义观,才能为解决当今社会的公平正义问题提供可行思路。

In the debate on Marx's concept of justice,objective laws and subjective initiative,fact judgment and value judgment,and the principles of justice based on the understanding of the former two issues are the three basic issues of Marx's view of justice.According to Marx's text,there is no fundamental opposition between scientific historical materialism and subjective agency.The objective development of productive forces and subjective agency are equally important to the solution of justice issues;As the core concepts of Marx's political philosophy,alienation and exploitation not only have the dimension of fact judgment,but also imply Marx's value judgment of capitalist society;different from contemporary liberalism's debate on the tension between equality and freedom,within the true community understood by Marx,freedom and equality are mutually supporting value principles without fundamental conflict.Only by understanding Marx's view of justice from these three issues can we provide feasible ideas for the solution of social fairness and justice issues in today's society.