康德伦理学中空洞性问题与当代康德式的辩护

On the Formalism in Kant's Ethics and Kant's Way of Defense in Contemporary Society

康德伦理学核心是定言命令式。黑格尔批评定言命令式为形式空洞,作为道德法则,缺乏有效性。当代学者区分强弱空洞性问题并发展辩护,或基于普遍法则公式的理性普遍性建构道德原则,或挖掘人性公式做出目的论解释。然而,前者不能免于弱批判,后者将不可避免地陷入他律。相较这两种,基于道德共识的解释接近于为康德伦理学成功辩护,它体现康德道德法则的有效性和丰富性,即基于理性普遍性,对道德感、道德动机、道德信念等道德因素的复杂考虑。

The categorical imperative is the core of Kantian ethics.Hegel criticizes the categorical imperative as formalism,and as the moral principle,it lacks the effectiveness.Contemporary Western scholars distinguish between strong and weak formalism and develop defense which either is based on the moral constructing principle of rationality and generality of general principles formulation,or explores the human nature formulation to explain with Skopos theory.However,the former cannot avoid weak criticism and the latter will be trapped in other principles.In comparison,the explanations based on the moral common sense nearly succeed in defending the Kant's ethics,which reflects its effectiveness and richness.That also means complex thinking about moral factors such as moral sense,moral motivation and moral believes based on universality of rationality.