公共服务支出提升了居民收入差距容忍度吗?——基于公共服务获得感的中介效应研究

Does Public Service Expenditure Increase the Tolerance of Residents’Income Gap?——Research on the Mediation Effect Based on the Sense of Public Service Acquisition

本文基于中国收入差距大而居民收入差距容忍度高的反差现象,从公共服务支出的视角切入,利用中国综合社会调查(CGSS2015)和宏观层面的匹配数据,使用Binary Probit方法,分析公共服务支出在这种反差现象中对居民收入差距容忍度影响的内在作用机制。研究结果表明,公共服务支出显著提升了居民收入差距容忍度,而各项公共服务支出对收入差距容忍度的影响不尽相同,基础教育支出、医疗卫生支出和住房保障支出显著提高了收入差距容忍度,而就业和社会保障支出对收入差距容忍度无显著影响,并对此进行稳健性和内生性检验,该结论仍成立;公共服务支出对收入差距容忍度的效应因地区差异而存在显著异质性。进一步研究表明,公共服务获得感在公共服务支出对收入差距容忍度的效应中发挥中介机制作用,公共服务支出对居民公共服务获得感具有正向影响,提升了收入差距容忍度。

Based on the contrast between the large income gap and the high tolerance of income gap in China,this paper cuts from the perspective of public service expenditure,uses the China Comprehensive Social Survey(CGSS2015)and macro-level matching data,and uses the Binary Probit method to analyze the internal mechanism of the influence of public service expenditure on the tolerance of residents’income gap in this contrast phenomenon.The research results show that public service expenditure has significantly increased the income gap tolerance of residents,while various public service expenditures have different effects on income gap tolerance.Basic education expenditure,medical and health expenditure and housing security expenditure have significantly increased the income gap tolerance.However,employment and social security expenditures have no significant impact on the tolerance of income disparity.The robustness and endogeneity test showed that the conclusion was still valid;the effect of public service expenditure on income gap tolerance is significantly heterogeneous due to regional differences.Further research shows that the sense of public service acquisition plays a role as an intermediary mechanism in the effect of public service expenditure on the tolerance of income gap.Public service expenditure has a positive impact on residents’sense of public service acquisition,which increases the income gap tolerance.