“粮改饲”模式可持续发展的思考——以河北省全株青贮玉米为例

Sustainable Development of“Silage Corn to Forage”--A Case Study in Hebei Province

基于对河北省4个“粮改饲”试点区和1个非试点区的调研上,以“粮改饲”作物中有代表性的全株青贮玉米为例,阐释“粮改饲”的可持续发展问题。调研发现,在全国“粮改饲”政策实施前,河北省已开始了对全株青贮玉米饲喂的探索,其“粮改饲”主要表现为“粮”改“饲”,即把玉米的利用方式由传统的籽粒收储利用变为全株青贮利用。分析表明,“粮改饲”模式带来了养殖效率和产品品质提升、节约种植工时、降低加工能耗等利好。“粮改饲”补贴政策对于“粮改饲”模式的发展有锦上添花的助推作用,主要体现在对饲料成本的弥补方面。但是,“粮改饲”补贴政策效益的显现以原奶或牛肉价格坚挺为前提,还有可能会引发市场不当竞争。基于此,本研究提出从产业振兴,用地金融补贴等要素支撑,政府积极作为的角度,保障“粮改饲”可持续发展。

Taking whole-plant silage corn as an example,this study analyzed the sustainable development of“silage corn to forage”,based on the investigation of 4 pilot areas and 1 non-pilot area for“silage corn to forage”policy in Hebei province.【Result】s showed that be-fore the“silage corn to forage”subsidy of the state was implemented,Hebei province had already begun to feed dairy cows by whole-plantsilage corn.The characteristic of“silage corn to forage”in Hebei was to change utilization from the grain corn to whole-plant silagecorn.The analysis showed that the“silage corn to forage”mode indeed improved the breeding efficiency and feed quality,saved planting time and protected the environment.The subsidy policy of“silage corn to forage”boosted the“silage corn to forage”mode because of lower feed cost.However,the benefits of the subsidy were contingent on strong raw milk or beef prices,and it might lead to unfair competition in the market.Based on this,this study concluded that the sustainable development of“silage corn to forage”should be guaranteed through industrial revitalization,factor support of land,financial subsidies and others,and the active actionof government.