超语实践理论的起源、发展与展望

Translanguaging: Origins, Developments, and Future Directions

近二十年来,作为应用语言学的重要理论之一,超语实践对语言教学、双语与多语教育、多语读写能力、语言与身份认同、语言态度、语言与意识形态等多个领域的政策与实践产生了一系列影响,也为语言进化、人类语言的本质(语言机制)、多模态、人类认知与交流等领域提出了根本性的理论问题。本文追溯了超语实践概念的起源,试图探索超语实践对语言教育、应用语言学和人类语言与认知的理论模型做出的主要贡献,讨论超语实践概念如何被应用到研究中,又如何成为人类语言与认知的"实践性理论",并对未来超语实践研究的发展方向,尤其是在中国的发展方向进行展望,以进一步推动中国语境下的超语实践研究。

Translanguaging has emerged in the last two decades as a major theory in applied linguistics that has impacted on policy and practice in a number of fields such as language teaching and learning, bilingual and multilingual education, multi-literacies, language and identity, language attitude, and language and ideology.It has also raised fundamental theoretical questions for language evolution, the nature of human language(the Language Faculty), multimodalities, human cognition and communication.This article, in reviewing the developments of the concept in these sub-fields, explores the key contributions of Translanguaging to language education, applied linguistics and theoretical models of human language and cognition.We examine examples of how the concept is applied in a range of researches and how it has become a ‘practical theory’ of human language and cognition.We discuss examples of how it has been used in the Chinese context and synthesizes existing research using Translanguaging in studying Chinese and Chinese-related communicative phenomena including language learning and everyday social interaction in diverse contexts.We will map out what we see as the future directions of Translanguaging research, with particular reference to China, in order to promote new research in the Chinese context.