对话句法视域下的回声话语研究——以医患话语为例

A Research on Echo Utterances from the Perspective of Dialogic Syntax: A Case Study of Doctor-Patient Discourse

回声话语是指会话人在会话中完整复用前序话轮中的话语或部分话语。在医患沟通中,该类互动形式出现频率高,是重要的交际资源。本文以医患术前谈话为语料,采用会话分析的方法,基于Du Bois的对话句法理论,建立回声三角模型,并结合该模型和映射图谱从形式、功能和交际方面探析汉语医患互动中的回声话语及共鸣现象。研究发现:(1)汉语的回声话语具有动态性特征和交互主观性,体现特殊交际意图,是会话人对知识梯度的一种匹配行为;(2)医患互动中的回声话语与回声源的共鸣表现为接收式、检验式、疑问式、强调式、衔接式和确认式共鸣等类型。研究结果能为加深回声话语认知和优化医患交际提供启示。

In conversations, people often reuse the words, phrases, and syntactic structures of the former speaker in the immediate context.These echo utterances are frequently seen in doctor-patient conversations and are considered as a kind of communicative and interactive resource.This article uses the naturally occurring preoperative conversation between doctors and patients as the research corpus, adopts the method of conversation analysis and proposes an echo utterance triangle model based on Du Bois’ theory of dialogic syntax.With this model and Diagraph(Du Bois), echo utterance and its resonance in Chinese doctor-patient interaction are analyzed from the aspects of form, function and communication.It found that: (1) Chinese echo utterances are dynamic and enable intersubjectivity, and associated with a special interaction intention, they are used to adjust the interlocutor’s epistemic gradient.(2) the resonance between the echo utterance and the echo source in the doctor-patient interaction can be specifically embodied as receiving resonance, inspective resonance, interrogative resonance, emphasized resonance, connection resonance and confirmatory resonance.This study aims to broaden the understanding of the echo utterance phenomenon and to shed light on the optimization of doctor-patient communication.