沙漠沙尘对光伏组件输出性能影响实验研究

Experimental study on the effect of wind-sand in desert on the output performance of photovoltaic modules

针对风沙环境下光伏组件的积沙现象,以积沙特性(积沙密度及沙尘粒径)为研究对象,采用人工铺沙的室外试验方式,结合温度性能探讨沙尘对光伏组件最大输出功率及填充因子的影响规律。研究表明:随积沙密度逐渐增大,最大输出功率呈下降趋势——积沙导致组件温度的降低进而对转换效率的提高无法弥补其削弱组件透光度带来的功率损失。填充因子变化趋势相反,且在35 g/m^(2)时(组件温度谷值处)达到峰值;随沙尘粒径逐渐增大,组件最大输出功率先增大后减小再增大,在粒径0.08~0.10 mm处发生突降,同时填充因子在该区间出现谷值。研究可指导风沙运动频发地区沙漠光伏电站的清洁规划以及不同粒度特征下沙漠光伏电站的产能损失预估。

Due to the particularity of the desert climate, the phenomenon of sand-dust accumulation on the PV modules is serious in the desert power station, leading to a reduction in power generation. To solve the problem, the outdoor test method of artificial sanding was used to discuss the influence of sand-dust on the maximum output power and filling factor in combination with temperature performance of PV modules. The results shown that as the density of sand-dust accumulates gradually increases, the maximum output power shows a downward trend—the decrease in the temperature of the module caused by the accumulation of sand-dust and the increase in conversion efficiency cannot compensate for the power loss caused by weakening the light transmittance of the module. The change trend of the fill factor is almost the opposite, and it reaches its peak at 35 g/m^(2)(at the valley of the component temperature). As the particle size of the dust gradually increases, the maximum output power of the module increases first, then decreases, and then increases. A sudden drop occurs at the particle size range of 0.08-0.10 mm, and the fill factor has a valley in this range. The research can guide the clean planning of desert photovoltaic power stations in areas where sandstorms are frequent and can guide the production lossof desert photovoltaic power stations under different granularity characteristics.