迈向科学化:我国比较教育学科危机的应对及未来之路

Towards A "Scientific" Road: The Response to the Crisis of Comparative Education in China and its Future Path

倡导"科学化"的比较教育学是突破"学科危机"和推进"学科建设"的重要路径。本文基于我国比较教育学科发展现存的问题,引出了迈向"科学化"的学科发展目标及对学科危机应秉持的一般认识。学科危机是比较教育学科走向规范化的必由之路,集中体现为学科研究方法论的危机。对此,我国学者应树立正确客观的学科危机观。学者们应充分认识到推动比较教育"科学化"的迫切性,进而从学科定位、学科研究与教学、知识生产及增长三个维度对危机的表征进行科学的识别与定位。"科学化"的比较教育学科概念主要包含三大要素,分别为学科理论科学化、比较过程科学化与结果解读科学化。在具体开展研究阶段,首先应提出具有理论和实践价值的真问题,从而确定明确的分析单元。然后再依据研究对象提出合理的研究假设,通过对资料完整度和理论的验证,进而客观地开展研究。需要指出的是,致力于"科学化"的比较教育学者应具有高度的敏锐性以避免以往传统的研究陷阱。从研究价值取向看,研究者应摒弃民族中心主义,重视并理解各国的文化差异。对于研究资料而言,应进行准确翔实的加工,以提高翻译理解的客观性。对于研究结果来说,需谨慎地推广以规范研究结论的合理性与逻辑性。在实证研究日益增长的背景下,比较教育学者需对以实证数据为基础的研究保持敏锐的警惕,保持价值理性与计算理性的平衡。

Advocating "scientific" comparative education is an important way to break through the "disciplinary crisis" and to promote the "disciplinary construction". Based on the existing problems in the development of comparative education in China, this article presents the "scientific" disciplinary development goal and the general understanding of the disciplinary crisis. Disciplinary crisis is unavoidable for the standardization of comparative education,which is mainly reflected in the crisis of research methodology. In this regard, Chinese scholars should establish a correct and objective concept of disciplinary crisis. Scholars should be fully aware of the urgency of promoting the "scientization" of comparative education, and then depict the representation of the crisis from the three dimensions: disciplinary orientation, disciplinary research and teaching, and knowledge production and growth. The "scientific" concept of comparative education mainly includes three elements, namely, scientific theory of the discipline, scientific comparing process, and of the interpretation of finding. When carrying out the research, we should first put forward real questions with theoretical and practical values, so as to determine the analysis unit. Then proposing reasonable research hypotheses according to the research object. Finally, conducting research objectively by verifying the integrity of the data and theories. What needs to be pointed out is that scholars of comparative education who are committed to "scientization" should be highly sensitive to avoid the traditional research traps. In terms of the value orientation of the research, researchers should abandon ethnocentrism and value and understand the cultural differences of various countries. For research materials, accurate and detailed processing should be carried out to improve the objectivity of comprehension in translation. As for the research results, it is necessary to carefully promote to standardize the rationality and logic of the promotion of research conclusions. With the increase of empirical research, researchers need to keep alert to the research based on empirical data, and maintain a balance between value rationality and computational rationality.