皖南事变善后过程中的日军因素

The Japanese Army’s Factors in the Process of the Aftermath of the Southern Anhui Incident

皖南事变爆发后,国共合作濒临破裂。国民党持续推进"剿共"部署,日本的中国派遣军亦有计划于1941年春季集中兵力肃清河北、江苏、山东三省。中共中央为避免事态进一步恶化,采取政治上进攻、军事上防御的应对方针。就皖南事变一事,日军认为国共最终会相互妥协,不会对战局造成大的影响,参谋本部亦因"南进"方针,否决了中国派遣军的计划,要求其在"南进"之前对国民政府军事施压,以便于从中国战场脱身。中国派遣军趁汤恩伯集团为"剿共"而调动之际发起袭击,即豫南会战。中共继续在军事上保持克制。豫南会战影响了国民党军队的"剿共"部署,但未能改变其方针,国民党甚至讨论赶在日军进攻陕西之前,先出兵攻下延安。就在此际,日军开始为消灭卫立煌集团而集结兵力,并有意散播将进攻陕西的虚假情报,隐藏其作战计划。国民党在日军压力下,软化立场向中共请求支援,许诺中共"配合作战"便可谈好"根本问题"。在皖南事变善后的过程中,日军虽非有意去影响国共关系,但其军事行动打乱了国民党的部署,为国共关系的缓和提供了"转机"。抗战期间日、国、共三方互相影响的复杂关系,在皖南事变的善后过程中表现得淋漓尽致。

After the outbreak of the South Anhui Incident,the Central Committee of the CPC adopted the policy of political attack and military defense.After observation,the Japanese army believed that the Kuomintang and the CPC would eventually compromise with each other,and the Incident would not have a great impact on the war situation.The plan of Japan’s China Expeditionary Army to concentrate on eliminating the occupied areas such as Hebei,Jiangsu and Shandong was rejected by General Staff Headquarters.The Japanese army made a strategic policy of attacking the Kuomintang army before the"southward advance"and forcing the Nationalist government to seek peace.The attack launched by the Japanese army according to the policy destroyed the Kuomintang’s military deployment and objectively relieved the pressure of the CPC,and also provided a convincing basis for the Central Committee of the CPC to adhere to the policy of the united front.In May,the Japanese army launched an attack on Wei Lihuang’s army and spread the false intelligence that they would attack Shaanxi,which caused panic in the Kuomintang and softened its position to seek assistance from the CPC,facilitating the further easing of the relations between the Kuomintang and the CPC.On the occasion of the so-called"political situation"between the Kuomintang and the CPC after the southern Anhui Incident,the Japanese army firstly observed,then conducted a series of operations and actually entered the game,and finally accelerated the emergence of the aftermath with the Battle of Zhongtiao Mountain.This might not necessarily be within the Japanese plan,but it had objectively played an important role in the reconciliation of the Kuomintang and the CPC.