黄精的本草考证及民族用法

Herbal Textual Research on Polygonati Rhizoma and Ethnic Usage

黄精最早载于《名医别录》,作为药食两用中药材出现,具有较高的食用和药用价值,但尚未见对其药食同源内容进行系统考证。黄精与玉竹形态相似,常被混淆使用,且“女萎”与“葳蕤”常被认为基原同为玉竹。通过整理历代本草古籍,以明晰“黄精”“女萎”和“葳蕤”三者关系;从品名、采收加工、性味归经、功效主治、食药记载和使用禁忌来追溯黄精药食同源的历史沿革;并梳理黄精在少数民族医药中的应用,以期传承和发展民族医药。结果表明,古时“黄精”及其异名源于象形、功能、产地等,名称蕴含丰富的神话色彩和道家思想;“黄精”“女萎”和“葳蕤”为3个物种,与前人考证不同;黄精幼苗、花、实及根茎均可食用或入药,其食用记载多于药用记载;《云南民族药志》《中国民族药志要》和《中国民族药辞典》等22本少数民族医药著作记载了26个民族对12种黄精的认识和应用;各民族因生存环境、生活方式、人文习俗等差异,形成了极具特色的医药文化。

Polygonati Rhizoma was first recorded in Mingyi Bielu(《名医别录》)as both medicine and food due to its high edible and medicinal values.However,there is no systematic textual research on its use as medicine and food.Polygonati Rhizoma and Polygonati Odorati Rhizoma show similar morphology,so they are often confused.Clematis apiifolia and Polygonatum odoratum are often regarded as the original plants of Polygonati Odorati Rhizoma.By reviewing the related records in Chinese herbal books of the past dynasties,this paper aimed to clarify the relationship between Polygonati Rhizoma,C.apiifolia and P.odoratum,trace the historical evolution of Polygonati Rhizoma as medicine and food from the name,harvesting and processing,property,flavor and meridian tropism,efficacy and indications,edible and medicinal records,and contraindications,and summarize its application in ethnic medicine,in order to inherit and develop the ethnic medicine.The findings demonstrated that the name of Polygonati Rhizoma and its synonyms were derived from its pictogram,function,and place of origin,containing a wealth of myth implication and Taoism thought.Polygonati Rhizoma,C.apiifolia and P.odoratum are three species,different from the conclusions in previous textual research.The seedlings,flowers,seeds,and rhizomes of Polygonati Rhizoma all could be used for edible and medicinal purposes,with its edible records exceeding the medicinal records.There were 22 medical books from the ethnic minority groups such as The Annals of National Medicine in Yunnan,Zhongguo Minzu Yaozhi Yao,and Dictionary of Chinese Ethnic Medicine recording the knowledge and application of 12 species in Polygonatum by 26 ethnic minorities.Due to their different living environments,lifestyles,and cultural customs,ethnic minorities have formed their unique medical cultures.