女性月经初潮年龄与肥胖关系的研究

Relationship between age at menarche and obesity in women

目的探讨中国中老年女性中,月经初潮年龄与一般性肥胖(基于BMI)和中心性肥胖[基于腰围(WC)与腰围身高比(WHtR)]之间的关系。方法以中国健康与养老追踪调查的6363名中老年女性为研究对象,采用限制性立方样条分析初潮年龄与肥胖的关系类型,采用二分类logistic回归模型分析初潮年龄(分为≤13、14~、16~和≥18岁组,以14~岁组为对照组)与肥胖的关系。结果调整潜在的混杂后,初潮年龄与一般性肥胖和中心性肥胖均呈现线性负相关关系,初潮年龄每增长1岁,BMI、WC和WHtR定义的肥胖风险降低6%(OR=0.94,95%CI:0.90~0.99)、4%(OR=0.96,95%CI:0.92~1.00)和6%(OR=0.94,95%CI:0.90~0.99)。与初潮年龄14~岁组的女性相比,初潮年龄≥18岁组BMI(OR=0.71,95%CI:0.55~0.91)、WC(OR=0.75,95%CI:0.62~0.92)、WHtR(OR=0.76,95%CI:0.61~0.96)定义的肥胖风险分别降低29%、25%和24%。结论中老年女性中,初潮年龄与一般性肥胖和中心性肥胖风险随初潮年龄的增长呈线性降低趋势,初潮年龄较晚与肥胖存在负相关关系。

Objective To explore the relationship between age at menarche and general obesity(based on BMI)and central obesity(based on WC or WHtR)in middle-aged and elderly women in China.Methods A total of 6363 women from the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study were included.Restricted cubic splines based on binary logistic regressions were used to analyze the relationship between age at menarche and the risk of obesity.Age at menarche was divided into four groups:≤13,14-(control group),16-,and≥18 years old.Binary logistic regressions were applied to analyze the relationship between the continuous or grouped variable of age at menarche and the risk of obesity.Results After adjusting potential confounders,the age at menarche showed a negative linear relationship with the risk of general obesity and central obesity.The risk for obesity based on BMI,WC and WHtR significantly decreased by 6%(OR=0.94,95%CI:0.90-0.99),4%(OR=0.96,95%CI:0.92-1.00),and 6%(OR=0.94,95%CI:0.90-0.99)for each 1 year increase in age at menarche.Compared with participants who had menarche at age 14-years old,the risk for obesity based on BMI(OR=0.71,95%CI:0.55-0.91),WC(OR=0.75,95%CI:0.62-0.92)and WHtR(OR=0.76,95%CI:0.61-0.96)significantly decreased by 29%,25%,and 24% in participants who had menarche at age≥18 years old.Conclusions There was a negative linear relationship between age at menarche and the risk for general obesity and central obesity in middle-aged and elderly women in China.Older age at menarche might be negatively associated with risk for obesity in middle-aged and elderly women.