中国共产党一百年来的“三农”政策实践

The Communist Party of China's Policy Practice of"Agriculture,Rural Areas and Farmers"in the Past 100 Years:A Historical Descriptive Analysis

依据《中国共产党简史》关于历史时期的划分,本文以1949年、1978年、1989年、2002年和2012年为节点,将中国共产党一百年来的“三农”政策实践史划分为6个时期。根据各个历史时期党和政府作出的相关重大决策部署,以“三农”重要事件为主线,以政策实践探索为主题,通过梳理相关重要会议和领导讲话、所出台的相关文件和决定、所实施的相关规划和法律等,客观陈述并评价历史事实。研究表明,一百年来的“三农”政策实践取得了历史性成就,实现了从改造传统农业到建设现代农业、从促进农村经济发展到加强农村社会建设、从增加农民经济利益到保障农民民主权利、从破除城乡二元结构到推动城乡融合发展的转变,为“三农”政策的学理分析和理论阐释提供了史实依据;一百年来的“三农”政策创新取得了历史性变革,在这一过程中,中国共产党人坚持科学理论指引与“三农”实践探索相结合、坚持借鉴国际经验与立足中国实际相结合、立足发展阶段确定目标任务和政策举措、注重保持政策的稳定性和连续性,为未来做好“三农”工作提供了经验启示。

Based on the division of historical periods in the history of the Communist Party of China,this article takes 1949,1978,1989,2002 and 2012 as the nodes,and divides the history of"agriculture,rural areas and farmers"policy practice in the past 100 years into six periods.Acording to the relevant major decisions and arrangements made by the party and the government in varioushistorical periods,taking the important events of"agriculture,rural areas and farmers"as the main line and the exploration of policypractice as the theme,the study objectively states and evaluates the historical facts by combing the relevant important meetings andspeeches of leaders,the relevant documents and decisions ssued,as well as the relevant plans and laws implemented.The analysis shows that the policy practice of"agriculture,rural areas and farmers"in the past 100 years has made historic achievements,realizing the transformation from reforming traditional agriculture to building modem agriculture,from promoting rural economicdevelopment to strengthening rural social constuction,from increasing famers’economic interests to protecting famers'democratic rights,from breaking the urban-nural dhual structure to promoting the integration of urban and nural development.Itprovides a historical basis for the theoretical analysis and interpretation of the"agriculture,rural areas and famers"policy.Thepolicy innovation of"agriculture,rural areas and farmers"in the past 100 years has made historic changes.In the policy-makingprocess,the Chinese Communists adhere to the combination of scientific theoretical guidance and practical exploration of"agriculture,rural areas and farmers",adhere to the combination of leaming from international experience and recognizing China'sactual situation,determine the target tasks and policy measures based on the development stages,and focus on maintaining thestability and continuity of the policy.It provides experience and enlightenment for the future work of"agriculture,rural arcas andfarmers".