美国人权政策:企业游说

United States Human Rights Policy:The Corporate Lobby

利益集团在美国人权政策上采取积极的立场,对世界各国产生了影响。在就此问题花费的游说资金中,上市公司的支出占据了大部分。2007至2010年间有关美国国会游说的数据集描述并解释了企业就美国人权相关立法进行游说的变化,同时,也证实并解释了为什么大型石油、国防和科技公司在试图影响美国管理全球人权方法上的金钱投入比其他任何游说团体都多。这些企业在进行一项政策游说时,很少公开阐明利益和意图。此外,美国国会将人权与其他立法领域联系起来的做法激励了某些企业介入人权决策制定过程。这对于促进世界的人权究竟是好事还是坏事,仍是一个紧迫却尚无定论的问题。

Interest groups take an active stance on US human rights policy,with implications for countries around the world.Today,publicly traded companies are responsible for the majority of all lobbying dollars spent on the issue.This article leverages a unique dataset on congressional lobbying between 2007 and 2010 to map and explain variation in corporate lobbying on US human rights-related legislation.We substantiate and explain why large oil,defense,and technology companies have greater representation in terms of dollars spent trying to influence the US approach to managing human rights around the globe than any other lobbying group.Rarely do these companies publicly explain their interests or intentions when lobbying a policy.Moreover,congressional efforts to link human rights to other areas of legislation(such as trade)has incentivized certain firms—some likely without any direct interests in human rights—to weigh in on the human rights policymaking process.Whether this is good or bad news for the promotion of human rights around the world is an open—and pressing—question.