基于医院的北方城市离退休干部身心健康状况调查

Hospital-based Investigation on Physical and Mental Health Status of Retired Cadres in Northern Cities

目的评估北方城市离退休干部身心健康状况,为优化和制定区域内老年人群医疗服务和医保政策提供依据。方法以在本院健康体检、门诊诊疗和病房住院的离退休干部为对象,使用体格检查、自制的量表问卷调查和指标检测3种途径调查和诊断。结果239例中,生活满意度为中等及以上者超过90%。平均睡眠时间为(4.47±1.45)h。心脑血管疾病和代谢性疾病占总病种的54.3%,共居者高于独居者。执法类群体的糖尿病发病率为83.7%。39.3%的人患2种以上疾病。离退休时间短者高血压病知晓率以及无配偶者糖尿病知晓率均低于85.00%。人际关系、偏执、抑郁和焦虑评分低于常模组。男性、退休时间短、管理类的人际关系好于其他人群。女性、管理类群体和无配偶者的偏执、抑郁和焦虑评分均低于其他人群。以上比较,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。技术类群体无抑郁心理。共居和高龄者无焦虑心理。结论基于医院的北方城市离退休干部在良好的经济、生活、自我健康管理条件下因多因素影响而罹患多种动脉硬化相关性疾病的状态是未来老年人共有的患病趋势。居家养老和医养结合是重点应对策略。应重视职业类别与身心疾病的相关性问题并给予针对性的舒适护理。

Objective To evaluate the physical and mental health status of retired cadres in northern cities, and to provide basis for optimizing and formulating medical service and medical insurance policies for the elderly in the region. Methods Taking the retired cadres in our hospital for health examination, out-patient clinic and ward as the objects, the investigation and diagnosis were carried out by three ways: physical examination, selfmade Questionnaire and index examination. Results In 239 cases, more than 90% of them were satisfied with life. The average sleep time was(4.47 ± 1.45) h. Cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases and metabolic diseases accounted for 54.3% of the total diseases. The incidence rate of diabetes in law enforcement group was 83.7%. 39.3% of them suffered from more than two diseases. The awareness rate of hypertension and the awareness rate of diabetes without spouse were all lower than 85%. The scores of interpersonal relationship, paranoia, depression and anxiety were lower than those of the norm group. Male, short retirement time, management interpersonal relationship is better than other groups. The scores of paranoia, depression and anxiety of female, management group and non spouse group were lower than those of other groups. The difference was statistically significant(P < 0.05). There was no depression in technical group. Living together and the elderly have no anxiety. Conclusion Hospital-based retired cadres in northern cities will suffer from multiple arteriosclerosis diseases under the conditions of good economy, life and self-health management, which is the common trend of the elderly in the future. The combination of providing for the aged at home and medical care is the key strategy. Attention should be paid to the correlation between occupational categories and physical and mental diseases, and appropriate comfort care should be given.