德育研究科学化何以可能:来自神经科学的启示

Why Scientized Research on Moral Education Is Possible:The Enlightenment from Neuroscience

神经科学的新成果,为德育研究科学化何以可能带来诸多启示。就因何可能来看,随着科学的飞速发展与广泛应用,德育研究科学化相继经过实验科学阶段的孕育和心理科学阶段的催化,在神经科学时代得以奠基。就为何可能而论,关键在于创建道德学习神经科学,深刻揭示道德学习的神经激活、环路生长与网络形成规律;发展文化取向的德育学,重点关注为造就个体特殊的神经环路进而培育道德脑提供适宜的经验与机会。就如何可能而言,德育研究科学化呼唤发展超学科研究范式,基于神经科学在道德脑功能定位上的"精准"特性以及"神经环路发育"、"神经介导作用"和"神经测量创新"三大原理,结合德育课程精准化等主题,提出"如何发现并应用道德学习激活神经活动进而造就神经环路的规律,研制精准德育课程以优化道德脑"等一系列的新研究问题,并使用无创无介入探察人脑神经活动的新研究工具与相关的人工智能新技术。同时,德育研究科学化需要吸引德育实践者加入其中,也需要创新政策以便提供相应的有力支持。

The new achievements in neuroscience provide enlightenment for why scientized research on moral education is possible. In terms of what makes it possible,with the rapid development and extensive application of science,this research has entered the era of neuroscience after the stages of experimental and psychological science. In terms of why it is possible,the key issues are to create the neuroscience of moral learning to reveal the laws of the neural activation,circuits growth and network development of moral learning,develop culture-oriented moral education,and focus on providing suitable experience and opportunities for the development of students’ neural circuits and moral brain.In terms of how we make it possible,this research calls on us to develop transdisciplinary research paradigms,follow the precise orientation of neuroscience to the functions of the "moral brain," such principles as the "development of neural circuits," "neural mediation" and "neural measurement," and the precise curriculum for moral education to raise a series of new questions,such as "how to find and apply the law that moral learning activates neural activities and neural circuits,and develop the precise curriculum for moral education to optimize the moral brain," and use new research tools for the non-invasive detection of neural activities,and related artificial intelligence technologies. At the same time,this research requires the participation of moral education practitioners and the powerful support from innovative policies.