中国现代文学中的“解放”书写

The Theme of Liberation in Modern Chinese Literature

解放观念深刻影响了中国现代文学发展,产生了意蕴深厚的“解放”书写,但此前相关研究缺乏整体视野,未能充分揭示其独特意义。中国现代文学中的“解放”书写可从解放主体、解放路径与解放范围程度三方面作综合分析:解放主体的差异产生了自我解放与被解放的分合,解放路径的不同表现为说理式解放与斗争式解放的交缠,解放范围程度的区别衍生出局部彻底解放与全面渐进解放的替嬗。解放观念受到中国共产党的有力形塑,因此,普通作家与受中国共产党解放观念影响的作家在书写“解放”时呈现出不同特征:普通作家的解放观念表达,多采取非此即彼的态度;而中国共产党解放观念影响下的“解放”书写,则使不同类型的解放观念交互作用、彼此融会,建立了“解放”书写的新形态。在建党百年之际,回望、探究中国现代文学中的“解放”书写,启示我们应全面认识“解放”的理论话语与历史实践,辩证看待自由与责任、尊重传统与大胆革新的关系,努力发掘文学创作的现实意义和思想价值。

The concept of liberation has greatly influenced the development of modern Chinese literature,producing profound works on this theme.However,existing studies of liberation lack an overall perspective and fail to fully reveal its unique significance.Representations of liberation in modern Chinese literature can be comprehensively analyzed in three aspects:the actors,pathways and scale of liberation.Actors differ in that some liberate themselves,some are liberated by others,and yet others switch between the two modes;their pathways differ in that for some,liberation is gained by reasoning and for others,it is gained by struggle;and the scale differs in that some works portray liberation as a victory moving from regional to national salvation,while others portray it as an overall yet gradual process.The concept of liberation is strongly shaped by the Communist Party of China,so the works of ordinary writers and of those influenced by the Party have different characteristics:the former adopt an either-or attitude toward liberation,while the latter allow different concepts of liberation to interact and merge with each other,establishing a new form of liberation writing.At the time of the centenary of the founding of the Communist Party of China,this reflection on and exploration of the theme of liberation in modern Chinese literature shows the need to fully understand the theoretical discourse and historical practice of liberation,handle dialectically the relationship between freedom and responsibility and between respect for tradition and innovation,and strive to explore the realistic significance and ideological value of literary creation.