Identification of G protein-coupled receptors required for vitellogenesis and egg development in an insect with panoistic ovary

G protein-coupled receptors(GPCRs),a superfamily of integral transmembrane proteins regulate a variety of physiological processes in insects.Juvenile hormone(JH)is known to stimulate Vitellogenin(Vg)synthesis in the fat body,secretion into the hemolymph and uptake by developing oocytes.However,the role of GPCRs in JH-dependent insect vitellogenesis and oocyte maturation remains elusive.In the present study,we performed transcriptomic analysis and RNA interference(RNAi)screening in vitellogenic females of the migratory locust Locusta migratoria.Of 22 GPCRs identified in ovarian transcriptome,LGR4,OR-A1,OR-A2,Mthl1,Mthl5 and Smo were most abundant in the ovary.By comparison,mAChR-C expressed at higher levels in the fat body,whereas Oct/TyrR,OARβ,AdoR and ADGRA3 were at higher expression levels in the brain.Our RNAi screening demonstrated that knockdown of six GPCRs resulted in defective phenotypes of Vg accumulation in developing oocytes,accompanied by blocked ovarian development and impaired oocyte maturation.While LGR4 and Oct/TyrR appeared to control Vg synthesis in the fat body,OR-A1,OR-A2,mAChR-C and CirlL regulated Vg transportation and uptake.The findings provide fundamental evidence for deciphering the regulatory mechanisms of GPCRs in JH-stimulated insect reproduction.