新创企业创业导向战略的实施与企业绩效的关系--基于制度环境的差异化视角

The Relationship Between the Implementation of Entrepreneurial Orientation Strategy and Firm Performance of New Ventures:Differentiation Perspective Based on Institutional Environment

以制度理论、创业导向与创业合法性理论为基础构建制度环境、创业导向各维度与新创企业绩效之间独立关系的理论框架,采用PLS-SEM与fsQCA模糊集定性比较方法完成新创企业“制度环境—创业导向—企业绩效”的关系路径和条件组态的分析与验证。研究发现:在高、低不同的制度环境下,新创企业创业导向中的先动性维度均是影响其创造高财务绩效的关键决定性因素,而制度环境与创业导向的其他维度均起到非核心的辅助作用;但在企业同样具备先动性特征的前提下,具备高制度环境、高创新性和高风险承担能力的前提条件,会有更多的样本企业成功获得高财务绩效,新创企业的成功概率会更高。由此得出两条重要的启示:第一,创业者必须清醒地认识到先动性战略的重要作用,并构建多维度共强的创业导向战略;第二,创业者应当首选具有高质量制度环境的市场进行创业和业务拓展。

Based on institutional theory,entrepreneurial orientation and entrepreneurial legitimacy theory,this paper constructs a theoretical framework of the independent relationship between institutional environment,entrepreneurial orientation and new venture performance,and analyzes and verifies the relationship path and conditional configuration of"institutional environment-entrepreneurial orientation-enterprise performance"of new ventures by using PLS-SEM and fsQCA method.The research finds that,under different institutional environments of high and low,the proactiveness is the key decisive factor affecting the creation of high financial performance,while the institutional environment and other dimensions of entrepreneurial orientation both play non-core auxiliary roles.However,under the same proactive conditions,the preconditions of high institutional environment,high innovation and high risk bearing capacity will enable more sample enterprises to successfully achieve high financial performance,and the success probability of new ventures will be higher.Two important inspirations can be drawn from this research:first,entrepreneurs must be clearly aware of the important role of a proactive strategy and build a multi-dimensional and strong entrepreneurship-oriented strategy;second,entrepreneurs should first choose the market with high-quality institutional environment for entrepreneurship and business expansion.