石墨烯基气凝胶小球的可控制备

Controlled Preparation of Graphene-Based Aerogel Beads

石墨烯气凝胶是由二维石墨烯片层组装成的三维宏观材料,因其孔隙率高、比表面积大和密度低等特点在水体污染物的吸附去除方面具有广阔的应用前景,已成为当今的研究热点。然而相关研究大多集中在块体石墨烯气凝胶,对于气凝胶小球的研究较少。本文结合相关领域的最新研究进展,综述了石墨烯基气凝胶小球的制备方法,包括静电喷雾、静电纺丝、微流控和湿纺等方法;以湿纺法为代表,分析了气凝胶小球的成型影响因素,如GO分散体的浓度和黏度、挤出参数、凝固浴的种类和浓度等;并进一步分析了可用于调节材料孔径的因素,例如通过控制GO浓度、GO片层尺寸、冷冻处理的温度等可实现在一定范围内材料孔径的调整。针对废水中处理对象的不同,设计吸附性能、循环使用性能优异及微观形貌可控的石墨烯基气凝胶小球并寻求制备方法的优化与创新仍是未来探索的重点。

Graphene aerogel is a three-dimensional macroscopic material assembled from two-dimensional graphene sheets.Due to its high porosity,large specific surface area and low density,it has a broad application prospect in the adsorption and removal of water pollutants and has become a research hotspot.However,most of the related researches focused on bulk graphene aerogels,and few researches on graphene-based aerogel beads.This review summarizes the preparation methods of graphene-based aerogel beads,including electrostatic spray,electrostatic spinning,microfluidic technology and wet spinning.Taking the wet spinning method as the representative,the influencing factors for aerogel beads formation are analyzed,such as the concentration and viscosity of GO dispersion,extrusion parameters,the type and concentration of coagulation bath,etc.Furthermore,the factors of adjusting the pore size of the material are further analyzed.For example,the pore size of the material can be adjusted within a certain range by controlling the GO concentration,the GO layer sizes,and the temperature of freezing treatment.In view of the different treatment objects in the wastewater,the design of graphene-based aerogel beads with excellent adsorption performance,recycling performance and controllable micromorphology and the optimization and innovation of preparation methods are still the key points of exploration in future.