光催化制氢的助催化剂

The Cocatalyst in Photocatalytic Hydrogen Evolution

随着能源和环境问题的日益突出,构建可持续发展、绿色环保和新型高效的能源体系,成为当今世界关注的焦点。由于太阳能清洁、低成本和环境友好等特性,利用太阳能光催化制氢成为解决能源问题的有效策略。单一的半导体光催化剂由于光的利用率低、电荷空穴易复合和缺少充足的活性位点等缺点,很难满足光催化的所有要求,常引入助催化剂来解决这一问题。负载助催化剂可以促进电荷分离,提高光催化效率。本文主要介绍助催化剂在光催化制氢中所起的作用,比如增强光的吸收、促进电荷分离、增加活性位点、提高H的吸附能力等,同时介绍了助催化剂的负载方法;总结了助催化剂对于活性的影响因素,包括尺寸效应、位置效应、构型效应、数量效应等,为设计高效稳定的助催化剂提供思路。最后对光催化制氢的助催化剂的未来发展进行展望。

Nowadays,development of a sustainable,green,new and efficient energy system has drawn much attention with the increasingly prominent energy and environmental problems.Photocatalytic production of H2 utilizing solar energy appears to be a promising strategy to solve the energy issues since it is clean,low-cost,and environmentally friendly.It is difficult for single semiconductor photocatalyst to meet all the requirements of photocatalysis because of its low utilization efficiency of light,fast recombination rate of electron-hole pairs,and insufficient active sites.Cocatalysts are often used to improve the photocatalytic activity.The loading of cocatalyst could facilitate charge separation and enhance the photocatalytic efficiency.In this review,we mainly outline the roles of cocatalysts in photocatalytic hydrogen production,such as enhancing light absorption,promoting charge separation,increasing active sites,and improving the ability of H adsorption,and introduce the loading method of cocatalysts.Moreover,the influencing factors of cocatalysts on activity,including size effect,position effect,configuration effect and quantity quantal effect are summarized,which sheds light on designing efficient and stable cocatalysts,and the concluding perspectives on future development of cocatalysts for photocatalytic hydrogen production are also presented.