“雪龙2”号南极首航破冰试验

Full-scale ice trials of R/V Xuelong 2 during her maiden Antarctic voyage

为在自然条件下实尺度测试“雪龙2”号的破冰能力,2019年11月“雪龙2”号在南极首航期间,中国在南极考察站——中山站附近普里兹湾固定冰区,首次自主开展了一系列专业破冰试验。通过选取破冰区域、实地测量冰雪厚度、钻采冰芯测量冰温度和盐度、切取完整冰坯并加工冰梁,完成了冰弯曲强度试验和艏艉双向破冰时的实船数据测量,首次获取了中山站附近固定冰的弯曲强度力学特性,成功验证了“雪龙2”号的破冰能力。本文详细介绍了“雪龙2”号现场破冰试验,并根据测量的海冰特性和船舶破冰航行数据对其艏向破冰能力进行了初步评估,摸索了一套在极地冰区开展破冰船破冰试验的方法,同时也对现场破冰试验中需要改进的方向提出了思考,可为我国新的破冰船建设提供参考。

To examine the ice-breaking capability of R/V Xuelong 2 under full-scale conditions,a series of tests were carried out in the fast-ice area near Zhongshan Station in the Prydz Bay during the maiden Antarctic voyage of R/V Xuelong 2.The ice trial procedures consist of selecting ice area,measuring ice and snow thicknesses,extracting ice cores for ice temperature and salinity measurements,cutting ice blocks for ice beam preparation and breaking level ice in ahead and astern running operations.The ice-breaking ability of R/V Xuelong 2 was finally examined by performing ice bending tests and measuring ship motion parameters during icebreaking.The flexural strength of fast ice near Zhongshan Station was also obtained for the first time.The on-site ice trial of the R/V Xuelong 2 is introduced in detail in this paper and the primary evaluation on the ahead ice-breaking capability of the ship is presented.A set of test procedures is also reported here for full-scale ice trial of icebreakers in the polar area.Several thoughts on the improvements of field icebreaking test are proposed,which can serve as a guide for the construction of new icebreakers in China.