试论明代职业戏班的演剧活动

On the Acting Activities of Professional Troupes in Ming Dynasty

明代职业戏班作为戏剧演出的重要班社组织,贯串了整个明代戏剧发展史。由于它数目庞大、演员人数众多、分布地域广泛,其演剧活动自然就盛况空前了。具体表现为:在剧目上涵盖了宋元南戏、元明杂剧、明人改本戏文、新编传奇等剧作,在演剧形式上涉及全本戏、节本戏、折子戏、饶戏等形式,在演出类型上包含了时令节候、婚嫁寿诞、丧葬祭祖、祀神酬愿、进学赴试等事项。对此,考述明代职业戏班的演剧活动,有助于揭示明代演剧的整体面貌,进而推进明代戏剧的深入研究。

As an important troupe organization of drama performance in Ming Dynasty,professional troupe runs through the development history of drama in Ming Dynasty.Because of its large number,large number of actors and wide distribution,its acting activities are naturally unprecedented.The specific performance is as follows:in the repertoire,it covers the southern opera of Song and Yuan Dynasties,Zaju opera of Yuan and Ming Dynasties,the dramas modified by the people of Ming Dynasty,and the newly compiled legends.In the form of acting,it involves the forms of full⁃length play,bowdlerized⁃edition play,highlights from operas,Tret opera,etc.In the performance type,it includes the matters of seasons and festivals,wedding and birthday,funeral and ancestor worship,sacrifice to gods and wishes,and study and going to the exam.In this regard,a study of the acting activities of professional troupes in the Ming Dynasty will help to reveal the overall outlook of the Ming Dynasty drama,and further promote the in⁃depth study of the Ming Dynasty drama.