中国科技情报事业回顾与展望:基于情报学理论的视角

Review and Prospect of Scientific and Technical Information Enterprise in China:From the Perspective of Information Science Theories

科技情报事业的发展是同情报学理论研究和学科建设紧密相关的,两者互相促进,密不可分。本文从情报学理论演化的视角出发,考察在中国科技情报事业的初创期、恢复发展期、改革探索期、深化发展期、转型创新期等不同历史发展阶段中情报学理论和学科建设的作用及影响。针对当前我国国家战略和新一代信息基础环境下情报学学科建设和事业发展面对的变革挑战,从情报的"耳目、尖兵、参谋"作用、情报学与数据科学双融等方面探讨情报学理论研究如何更好地指导中国科技情报事业发展和科技情报工作实践,包括:科技情报工作要坚持为决策部门提供广快精准的情报服务和智库咨询、为科技创新和自立自强提供情报支撑,基于学科双融的综合集成理论框架实现情报工程智慧化。文章最后从科技情报事业的理论新动力、科技情报工作的学理基础以及融合DIKW信息链的新型科技情报工作等方面对未来十年科技情报事业的发展进行了展望。

The development of scientific and technical S&T information enterprise is closely related to information science IS theory.They facilitate with each other.From the perspective of the theoretical evolution of in formation science this paper explores the influences and role of IS theories on the historical development of the Chinese S&T information enterprise.Inthe establishing period the origin of the Chinese S&T information enterprise can be traced back to the Long-te rm Plan for Science and Technology Development in China 1956-1967.The role of information mainly featured the influence of IS theory on Chinese S&T information enterprise.In the restoring and growing period the rapid developmen t of the Chinese S&T information enterprise generated the demand for IS theories.The Mikhailov school ofscientific information communication system had great impacts.Manywestern IS theories were introduced into China and positively influenced the Chinese S&T information enterprisein various aspects.Chinese original IS theories flourished and enlightened information professionals.In the reforming period the.broad information outlook of information science initiated the reform ing process of the Chinese S&T information enterprise.In 1992 the renaming of S&T information fr omintellig ence to information in the Chinese language taking place in the practice field caused Chinese ISeducationreform and facilitated the emergence of information resources management theory.In the deepening development period the Internet age had the most profound influence on Chinese S&T information work mode.IS and S&T information enterprise had shown good adaptability to the networked environm ent.Besides the knowledge theory became the mainstream IS theory and drove the knowledge pla tformconstruction.The debate about whether information or intelligence should be the focus of Chinese ISwas a hot topic and influenced the development direction of the Chinese S&T information enterprise.In the innovation period facing the challenge of new information infrastructure and the call of current state strategy bothIS theory and S&T information enterprise need innovation.It discusses the ways of IS theory.s guid ing enterprise from the perspective of the.eyes and ears vanguard and consultant roles of information andintegration of IS and data science.It argues S&T information professionals should provide information support to S&T innovation self-reliance and self-improvement.It points out that Qian Xuesen.s metasynthetic th ought can be utilized as the theoretical framework for integrating IS and data science.The wisdom-orientedinformation engineering should be realized.T hispaper also discusses the future co-development of Chinese IS theory and S&T information enterprise inthe next decade.The breakthrough in the fundamentals of information science is the new driving force of S&T inform ation enterprise development.Taking the information problem in industrial policy debate as an exam ple itargues that the legitimacy and value of S&T information work should be theoretically verified.It alsocalls for the innovative S&T information work mode based on the fusion of elements along the inform ation concept chain.