免疫抑制剂的概念和类型

Concepts and Classifications of Immunosupressive Agents

免疫抑制剂(immunosupressive agents,ISA)作用于免疫反应的不同环节,即抑制免疫细胞的发育分化、抗原的加工提呈、淋巴细胞对抗原的识别等系列炎症反应过程,从而雏持内环境稳态,并诱导免疫耐受。本文从化学类型及来源上将免疫抑制剂分为糖皮质激素、细胞增殖抑制剂、微生物代谢产物、生物碱类、生物制剂、中药类、磷酸二酯酶抑制剂、JAK通路抑制剂和其他免疫抑制剂9个大类,简述了各类免疫抑制剂的作用机制,以期对免疫抑制剂能有一定的认知和了解。

The immunity inhibitor(immunosupressive agents,ISA)affects different links of the immune response,namely the suppression immune cell growth differentiation,the antigen processing raises assumes,the lymphocyte to antigen series inflammation reaction processes.The inflammatory response maintains the environment stable state,and induces the immunity tolerance.In this review,ISA are classified into nine groups-glucocorticoid,antimetabolites,microbial metabolites,alkaloids,biological agents,traditional Chinese medicine,phosphodiesterase inhibitors,JAK inhibitors,and other agents-based on their chemical constructions and source.The mechanisms of the nine groups are briefly introduced.