规模养殖与区域差异视角下肉鸭养殖效率分析

Analysis of the efficiency of meat duck production from the perspectives of scale breeding and regional differences

随着经济发展,我国畜禽规模化养殖水平逐渐提高,但随着环境和资源的约束,畜禽养殖面临着巨大的压力,提高养殖生产效率、准确把握养殖效率的关键影响因素对加快推进畜禽产业资源化利用、促进产业健康稳定持续发展具有重要的现实意义。本文利用全国六个省份581户肉鸭养殖户调研数据,运用数据包络分析模型、多元线性回归分析、2SLS回归进行不同区域规模肉鸭养殖效率及其影响因素的研究,通过分析发现:从整体来看,肉鸭养殖效率有待提高;肉鸭养殖效率存在明显的区域差异,产业集中度高的地区养殖效率略低于产业集中度低的地区;肉鸭养殖效率与养殖规模呈现“倒U型”的关系,中等规模养殖效率相对较好,肉鸭养殖年出栏量在6万9万只最佳;不同区域肉鸭养殖效率的异质性主要受养殖集约化程度、饲料报酬、成活率、养殖周期、养殖规模等因素的影响。基于上述结果,提出在适度规模养殖的基础上合理利用资源禀赋、提高组织化程度、提升谷物和青饲料比例,通过疾病防控提高成活率等对策建议,将对肉鸭养殖效率的提升具有积极的作用。

With the development of economy,the level of large-scale livestock and poultry breeding in China has been gradually improved.However,due to the constraints of the environment and resources,livestock and poultry breeding is facing tremendous pressure.Improving the efficiency of breeding production and accurately grasping the key influencing factors of breeding efficiency have great practical significance for accelerating resource utilization of the livestock and poultry industry and for promoting the healthy,stable,and sustainable development of the industry.Based on a survey data of 581 meat duck farmers in six provinces across the country,and applying the data envelopment analysis model,the multiple linear regression analysis and the 2SLS regression analysis,this paper investigated the efficiency of meat duck breeding in different regions and its influencing factors.Results show that the meat duck breeding efficiency needs to be improved.Meanwhile,there are obvious regional differences in the efficiency of meat duck breeding.The breeding efficiency in areas with high industrial concentration is slightly lower than that in areas with low industrial concentration.The meat duck breeding efficiency and the breeding scale show an“inverted U-shaped”relationship.In addition,the medium-scale breeding efficiency is relatively good with the annual output of meat duck breeding being between 60,000 to 90,000.The heterogeneity of meat duck breeding efficiency in different regions is mainly affected by the degree of intensification of breeding,feed compensation,survival rate,breeding cycle,and scale of breeding.Based on the above results,this paper suggests:to rationally utilize resource endowments,to improve the degree of organization,to raise the ratio of grain and green fodder,and to increase the survival rate through disease prevention and control based on moderate scale breeding.