密度对籽用西葫芦干物质、光合性状和产量的影响

Effects of Density on Dry Matter,Photosynthetic Traits and Yield of Zucchini

以籽用西葫芦"籽冠8号""籽冠A11""籽冠D5""瑞丰9号"为试材,每个品种设置3个密度3.00万、3.75万、4.50万株·hm^(-2),分别对品种的干物质量、果实性状、籽粒性状、蒸腾速率(Tr)、气孔导度(Gs)、胞间CO2浓度(Ci)和产量等指标进行测定比较,以期筛选出兼顾优良性状和高产的最适宜种植密度,为籽用西葫芦进一步规范化种植和高产高效提供参考依据。结果表明:随着密度的增加,品种的干物质量先增加,在密度Ⅱ3.75万株·hm^(-2)时达到最大,分别为547.15、558.26、527.19、536.24 g·株^(-1),随后随着密度的增加而降低;品种的蒸腾速率、气孔导度呈现逐渐降低的趋势,具体表现为密度Ⅰ>密度Ⅱ>密度Ⅲ,各密度处理差异显著。随着密度的增加,品种的胞间CO2浓度呈现逐渐增加的趋势,具体表现为密度Ⅲ>密度Ⅱ>密度Ⅰ,各密度处理差异显著;密度对品种的果实性状和籽粒性状均没有显著影响;密度对品种产量影响有显著差异,密度Ⅱ3.75万株·hm^(-2)时各品种产量最大分别为2161.08、2027.68、1907.62、2107.72 kg·hm^(-2)。综上,短蔓品种选择"籽冠8号",长蔓品种选择"瑞丰9号",密度Ⅱ3.75万株·hm^(-2)时品种的干物质、品质、光合特性和产量均达到较优水平。

Taking‘Ziguan No.8’‘Ziguan A11’‘Ziguan D5’‘Ruifeng No.9’as test materials,varieties of each set of three kinds of density of 30000,37500,45000 plants·hm^(-2),respectively,the quality of varieties of dry matter,fruit character,seed properties,transpiration rate(Tr),stomatal conductance(Gs),intercellular CO2 concentration(Ci)and the production index were measured and compared,in order to screen out good character and high yield of the optimum planting density,hoist further standar dization for seed planting and provide reference for high production and efficiency.The results showed that with the increase of density,the dry matter mass of the varieties increased first,reaching the maximum of 547.15,558.26,527.19 g·plant^(-1)and 536.24 g·plant^(-1)at the densityⅡ37500 plants·hm^(-2),and then decreased with the increasing of density.Transpiration rate and stomatal conductance of cultivars showed a trend of gradual decrease,which was embodied in densityⅠ>densityⅡ>densityⅢand the treatment of each density was significantly different.With the increase of density,intercellular CO2 concentration of different varieties showed a trend of increasing gradually,which was embodied in densityⅢ>densityⅡ>densityⅠ,there were significant differences among the density treatments.There was no significant effect of density on fruit and grain characters.There were significant differences in the effect of density on the yield of varieties.When the densityⅡwas 37500 plants·hm^(-2),the maximum yield of each variety was 2161.08,2027.68,1907.62 kg·hm^(-2)and 2107.72 kg·hm^(-2),respectively.To sum up,the dry matter,quality,photosynthetic characteristics and yield of the varieties with the density ofⅡ37500 plants·hm^(-2)were all superior when the variety of short vine was selected as seed‘Ziguan No.8’and the variety of long vine was selected as‘Ruifeng No.9’.