施肥对梨树不同年限枝条养分含量及移走量的影响

Effects of Different Fertilizers on Nutrient Output of Fragnant Pear

以长期施用不同肥料的3个果园为研究对象,通过测定当年落叶以及不同年限修剪枝条中的养分含量,研究每年因落叶和修剪枝条从梨树移走的养分总量,以期为库尔勒香梨合理施用肥料提供科学参考依据。结果表明:随着不同肥料投入香梨修剪枝条年限的增长,其中养分含量逐渐降低。不同肥料投入的香梨落叶和修剪枝条养分含量高低顺序依次为氮、磷、钾、铁、锰、锌、铜。不同肥料间相比,化肥配施羊粪堆肥处理的养分移走量均比其它肥料的高,氮、磷、钾、铁、锰、锌、铜含量分别为378.9、53.3、31.1、3.6、0.3、0.2、0.1 kg·hm^(-2)。化肥处理移走的养分量分别为303.5、43.6、30.0、3.0、0.4、0.3、0.1 kg·hm^(-2)。羊粪堆肥处理移走的养分含量最低,移走的养分含量分别为278.9、35.3、16.1、2.5、0.2、0.3、0.1 kg·hm^(-2)。不同肥料的投入对香梨落叶、修剪枝条的养分累计均有很大程度的作用。

Three orchards with long-term application of different fertilizers were selected.By measuring the nutrient content of the fallen leaves and the pruning branches of different years,the total nutrients taken away from the pear trees by the fallen leaves and pruning branches each year were studied,in order to provide reference for fertilizetion of fragrant pear.The results of the study showed that the nutrient content gradually decreased as the pruning years of fragrant pear branches increased with different fertilizers.The order of nutrient content in fallen leaves and pruning branches of pear with different fertilizers was nitrogen,phosphorus,potassium,iron,manganese,zinc,and copper were 378.9,53.3,31.1,3.6,0.3,0.2,0.1 kg·hm^(-2).The nutrient removal amounts of chemical fertilizers were 303.5,43.6,30.0,3.0,0.4,0.3 kg·hm^(-2)and 0.1 kg·hm^(-2).The nutrient content removed by sheep manure compost was the lowest,and the removed nutrient content was 278.9,35.3,16.1,2.5,0.2,0.3 kg·hm^(-2)and 0.1 kg·hm^(-2).The input of different fertilizers has a great effect on the accumulation of nutrients in the fallen leaves and pruning branches of fragrant pears.The nutrient content removed from the fallen leaves and pruning branches of pear trees each year is also used as a basis for rational application and has positive significance in production.