西方食物史研究范式及其演变

Food History Studies in the West:Paradigms and Their Shifts

食物是人类赖以生存的重要物质之一,研究食物的历史有助于了解不同社会及其文化所经历的变迁。在西方,食物史作为一个研究领域,从确立到现在大致经历了三种研究范式:经济—社会史范式、文化史范式和全球史范式。经济—社会史范式肇始于经济史领域,经由年鉴学派而逐渐完善。文化史范式将食物与文化变迁置于分析的中心,在不同的阶段分别受到传统文化史和新文化史的影响。21世纪以来,全球化的热潮又为食物研究的全球史范式提供了机遇,食物承载的全球性历史变迁、围绕食物而展开的种种全球性联系,成为当前食物史研究的重点。

Food is one of the most important substances for human survival.The study of food history helps us to better understand the changes of different societies and their cultures.In the West,food history as a research field has witnessed at least three research paradigms so far:economic-social history paradigm,cultural history paradigm,and global history paradigm.The economic-social paradigm was first used in the field of economic history and was gradually perfected by the Annalists.The cultural history paradigm puts food and cultural changes at the center of analysis and has been influenced by traditional cultural history and new cultural history at different stages.Since the twenty-first century,the upsurge of globalization has provided opportunities for global history paradigm in food studies.The global historical changes promoted by food and the various global connections via food have become the foci of current food history studies.