违约获益交出责任的正当性与独立性

Legitimacy and Independence of Disgorgement Damages for Breach of Contract

违约获益是违约方因其违约行为而从第三人处获得的具体而确定的利益,其实现不是通过守约方的给付或者其他的价值移转形式。违约获益交出责任在于让违约方将其不法所得的全部利益交出,而不在于弥补守约方的损失。违约获益交出责任有特定的构成要件,特别是关于主观故意和因果关系的要求,还需要注意其适用的例外情形。其正当性论证首先需要排除效率违约的适用,其次可以从理念和原则以及排除民事收缴的适用两个视角展开。违约获益交出无法通过损害赔偿或不当得利返还来实现,与其他类似制度之间也存在一系列重要区别。违约获益交出责任无法纳入现有规则体系,承认其独立性就成为必然选择。

Benefits derived from breach of contract are the specific and definite benefits obtained by the breaching party from a third party through breach of contract, rather than through a transfer made by the non-breaching party or other forms of value transfer. The purpose of disgorgement damages for breach of contract is to make the breaching party disgorge all his illegal gains, rather than to make up for the losses suffered by the non-breaching party. The system has specific constituent elements, especially the requirements of subjective intent and causality. It is also necessary to pay attention to the exceptional circumstances for its application. In the demonstration of its legitimacy, the application of efficient breach of contract should first be excluded, and then the demonstration can be carried out from two perspectives, that is, its concept and principle, and the exclusion of the application of civil confiscation. It can’t be realized through damages system or unjust enrichment system, and it is different from other similar legal systems in a number of ways. It can’t be incorporated into the existing system of rules, so recognizing its independence has become an inevitable choice.