铀所致肾损伤研究进展

Research progress on uranium-induced renal injury

肾脏是铀急性及慢性摄入体内后的主要靶器官。铀致肾脏损伤研究中缺乏可靠的生物标志物,致使目前的流行病学数据不足以量化铀对人体健康的影响,从而导致研究结果的不确定性和不一致。本文重点分析国内外关于铀饮用水居民、铀职业接触人群及海湾战争老兵肾脏损伤的生物标志物研究概况,涉及的指标包括反映近端小管、远端小管、肾小球损伤的小分子蛋白和酶,如β2微球蛋白、α微球蛋白、视黄醇结合蛋白、微量白蛋白、肾损伤分子-1、中性粒细胞明胶酶相关脂质运载蛋白、碱性磷酸酶、N-乙酰-β-D-葡糖胺酶、γ-谷氨酰转移酶、乳酸脱氢酶等。建议将分子流行病学研究应用在长期队列研究中,将分子生物检测与分析技术与队列的数据信息有机结合,明确生物指标的剂量-效应关系。

Kidney is the main target organ of uranium after acute and chronic ingestion.Due to the lack of reliable biomarkers in the study of uranium-induced renal injury,the epidemiological data are not enough to quantify the effects of uranium on human health,and it leads to the inconclusive and inconsistent research results.This paper is focused on the analysis on research progression of domestic and foreign biomarkers of renal injury in uranium drinking water residents,uranium occupational exposure population and Gulf War veterans.The indicators including small molecular proteins and enzymes that reflect the damage of proximal and distal tubules and glomerular,such asβ2-microglobulin,α-microglobulin,retinol binding protein,micro albumin,kidney injury molecule-1,neutrophil gelatinase associated lipocalin,alkaline phosphatase,N-acetyl-β-D-glucosaminase,γ-glutamyltransferase,and lactate dehydrogenase,etc.It is suggested that molecular epidemiology should be applied to long-term cohort studies,and molecular biological detection and analytic techniques should be combined with cohort data information to clarify the dose-effect relationship of biological indicators.