“一带一路”建设中双边投资协定的功能发掘与范式构建

Function Development and Paradigm Construction of Bilateral Investment Treaties in BRI Construction

双边投资协定(BIT)对于"一带一路"建设具有重要的助推作用,但目前中国与"一带一路"沿线国家签订的BITs较为陈旧,具有实际操作性不强和倾向于保护东道国规制权的特点,在投资保护、促进可持续发展、改善东道国营商环境和投资者—国家争端解决(ISDS)四个方面存在功能缺失的问题。基于此,中国应当立足对外投资和吸引外资体量都很庞大的现实情况,努力构建中国BIT范式。范式构建应从"行为"角度确认国有企业合格投资者身份;尊重东道国基于可持续发展目标对外资进行规范的权力;逐步纳入透明度、竞争中立及知识产权保护方面的条款;明确包含负面清单和准入前国民待遇的承诺;改进ISDS机制中的前置性程序,扩大国际投资仲裁的管辖权范围,考虑引入投资争端调解机制。

The Bilateral Investment Treaty(BIT) plays an important role in promoting the construction of the Belt and Road Initiative,but the BITs signed between China and countries involved in the Belt and Road Initiative are relatively old.They are not very practical in terms of implementation and tend to protect the interests of host countries.They suffer from deficient function in terms of investment protection,promotion of sustainable development,improvement of the host country’s business environment,and investor-state dispute settlement(ISDS).Therefore,based on its large amounts of both outward and inward investment,China should strive to build its BIT paradigm.In the build-up of paradigm,the qualified investor identity of China’s state-owned enterprises should be reaffirmed from the "behavior" perspective;meanwhile,the host country’s authority to regulate foreign investment based on sustainable development goals should be respected;provisions on transparency,competitive neutrality and intellectual property protection should be gradually introduced;the negative list and the pre-establishment national treatment commitment should be clearly stipulated;the pre-procedures in the ISDS mechanism should be improved,the jurisdiction of international investment arbitration should be expanded,and it can be considered to introduce an investment dispute mediation mechanism.