产业变革趋势下大学生就业认知偏差与路径重塑

Cognitive Bias of University Students’Employment and Path Choice in the Trend of Industrial Revolution

后疫情时代,发达资本主义国家都在制定振兴制造业战略,筑牢贸易壁垒,推进逆全球化发展,全球新一轮产业变革持续推进。本轮产业革命是基于互联网和高科技为背景的创新发展,必然给处于工业化中后期的中国带来新的机遇与挑战。对于身处产业变革核心地位的工科大学生而言,机遇与挑战并存。当前工科大学生对职业规划与发展仍然存在诸多认知偏差,这不利于大学生的就业及职业发展。运用问卷调查法了解工科大学生对职业规划、就业意识、自我评估、就业意向等方面的认知偏差,分析认知偏差存在的原因,并提出工科大学生就业认知的重塑路径:重视职业教育,重塑大学生职业认知;纠正大学生就业偏差,提高大学生的心理承受能力;丰富就业课程形式,切实提升大学生职业适应能力;完善校企合作育人体系,提升大学生核心竞争力;完善高校就业制度,提升大学生就业质量。

In the post-epidemic era,developed capitalist countries are making plans of revitalizing manufacturing industry,strengthening trade barriers,promoting anti-globalization development,and the global new round of industrial revolution continuously progresses.This round of industrial revolution is the innovative development based on the internet and high technology,which inevitably brings new opportunities and challenges to China in the middle and later periods of industrialization.As to engineering university students in the center of industrial revolution,there exist both opportunities and challenges.Engineering university students have a lot of cognitive biases of career planning and development,which is disadvantageous to their employment and career development.Through questionnaire,engineering university students'cognitive biases of career planning,employment awareness,self-assessment,and employment intentions are studied,the reason for cognitive bias is analyzed,and the path choice for engineering university students'employment cognition is proposed:pay attention to vocational education,rebuild university students'career cognition;correct university students'employment bias,improve university students'psychological endurance;enrich the form of employment courses,promote university students'career adaptability;perfect the university-enterprise cooperation education system,enhance university students'core competence;improve universities'employment system,and promote university students'employment quality.