文成帝和平二年南巡史事再考--以《南巡颂(并序)》为中心

The South Inspection of Emperor Wencheng in the Second Year of the Heping Period of the Northern Wei Dynasty—Centered on the Nan Xun Song(Ode on the Southern Inspection)

《文馆词林》收录的高允《南巡颂(并序)》,是以和平二年北魏文成帝南巡活动为中心的颂文。该文有关皇太子拓跋弘参与南巡、巡幸路线、南朝使臣来访、衡水之滨举行宴会以及诸臣请求刻碑纪念等信息,为考证此次南巡活动的历史细节提供了重要线索。该文对衡水之宴的记载,披露了有关北魏巡幸宴会筹备、参与人员、活动内容等重要信息,据此可推测出北魏前期交聘宴会的仪式场景。和平二年的南巡活动,既是北魏对其自身游牧传统的传承和发展,也吸收了华夏政治传统元素,呈现出游牧文化与华夏文化汇通交融的历史内涵。

Gao Yun’s Ode on the Southern Inspection(with preface),recorded in Wen Guan Ci Lin,is a eulogy centered around the southern inspection of the Emperor Wencheng of the Northern Wei Dynasty(386-534 AD)during 461 AD,the second year of the Heping period(460-465 AD).Its content involves the role of Crown Prince Tuoba Hong,the route of the inspection,the visit of ambassadors from the Southern Dynasty,the banquet held on the waterfront of Hengshui River(part of Zhuozhang River),and the request of the ministers to carve a memorial,which provides important clues for the examination of the historical details of the southern inspection.The record of the banquet of the southern inspection held by Hengshui River discloses important information about the preparation of the banquet,the participants,and the activities,information that lets us better understand the ritual scenes of diplomatic banquets in the early Northern Wei Dynasty.The southern inspection in 461 AD did not only develop a nomadic tradition of the Northern Wei Dynasty,but it also absorbed elements of Chinese political tradition,presenting a historical interchange of nomadic and Chinese culture.