中国家庭中儿童主要照护者的用药健康素养:一项全国性调查研究

Medication Literacy of Primary Caregivers for Children in Chinese Families:A National Investigation

目的评估中国儿童主要照护者的健康素养水平及其与儿童用药错误之间的潜在相关性,以便采取有效措施,促进儿童用药安全。方法对2018年6月1日—8月31日在全国104家医院儿科门诊就诊儿童的主要照护者进行电子问卷调查,内容包括家庭药柜儿童药品储备情况以及照护者给儿童用药的认知和行为。使用Logistic回归分析方法分析照护者健康素养的相关影响因素。结果49982份有效调查问卷被纳入最终分析。我国家庭药柜储备排名前三名的儿童用药分别为感冒药(85.09%)、解热镇痛药(口服)(46.41%)和镇咳祛痰药(29.39%)。给儿童服药的人员绝大部分为父母(84.34%)。照护者有较强的阅读药品说明书(97.00%)和用药前咨询专业人士(92.60%)的意识。不正确的用药认知和行为仍然常见,50.89%的照护者曾给儿童服用过成人药物,16.06%的家庭发生过儿童药物中毒。22~40岁的照护者的健康素养显著高于22岁以下的照护者。祖父母的用药健康素养显著低于父母。教育水平较高的照护者给儿童使用成人药和导致儿童发生药物中毒的风险显著降低。结论教育水平较高的照护者有较高的健康素养,提高照护者的受教育程度有利于儿童用药安全。祖父母和22岁以下父母的用药健康素养相对较低。

Objective To evaluate the level of medication literacy of primary caregivers of children in China and its potential association with medication errors in children,in order to take effective measures to promote drug safety in children.Methods The study conducted an electronic questionnaire survey among primary caregivers attending pediatric outpatient clinics with children in 104 hospitals across China from June 1st to August 31st,2018.The survey included the pediatric drugs in family medicine cabinets and the medication cognition and behavior of caregivers.Logistic regression analysis method was used to analyze the related influencing factors on health literacy of caregivers.Results A total of 49982 valid questionnaires were included in the final analyses.Cold medicine(85.09%),antipyretic analgesics(oral)(46.41%),and antitussive and expectorant drugs(29.39%)were the top three pediatric drugs in family medicine cabinets in China.The majority of those giving medicine to children were parents(84.34%).Caregivers had a high awareness of reading the drug labels(97.00%)and consulting professionals(92.60%).Incorrect medication perceptions and behaviors were still common,and 50.89%of respondents had given adult drugs to children,and drug poisoning had occurred in 16.06%of families.Caregivers aged 22-40 showed significantly higher health literacy than caregivers younger than 22.Grandparents showed significantly lower medication health literacy than parents.Caregivers with higher education levels showed significantly lower risk of giving adult drugs and causing drug intoxication to children.Conclusion Higher education levels of the primary caregivers showed higher health literacy,and improving the education level of caregivers will be conducive to medication safety for children.Grandparents and parents younger than 22 had a relatively low level of medication health literacy.