某牵引车平衡悬架力学分析

Force Analysis of the Balance Suspension of a Tractor

平衡悬架作为汽车底盘的重要组成部分,影响乘坐舒适性和行驶稳定性。为了合理设计悬架的力学特性,其弹性元件的设计至关重要。以某牵引车平衡悬架为研究对象,对其重要组成部件钢板弹簧进行了力学分析。为了验证所设计的钢板弹簧的可靠性,选用多片等厚度钢板弹簧对该平衡悬架进行有限元分析,给出了钢板弹簧在装配、满载和极限3种工况下的应力应变情况,将板簧所受最大预应力与材料的许用应力对比。结果显示,平衡轴支架和钢板弹簧在制动、转向及单侧跳动3种工况下的受力情况相对较差;但在3种工况下,钢板弹簧所受应力均匀,且最大预应力皆小于材料许用应力,总体设计合理且满足使用要求。

As an important component of the vehicle chassis,the balanced suspension will influence ride comfort and driving stability.In order to reasonably design the mechanical characteristics of the suspension,the design of its elastic components is crucial.Taking the balanced suspension of a tractor as the research object,the mechanical analysis of its steel plate spring was carried out.In order to verify the reliability of the designed steel plate spring,a finite element analysis of the balanced suspension was carried out using multiple equal thickness steel plate springs.The stress-strain conditions of the steel plate spring under three operating conditions,namely assembly,full load and limit,were given,and the maximum pre-stress applied to the plate spring was compared with the permissible stress of the material.The results show that the stresses on the balance shaft bracket and the steel plate spring are relatively poor under the three operating conditions of braking,steering and unilateral runout.However,under the three operating conditions,the stresses on the steel plate spring are uniform and the maximum pre-stress is less than the allowable material stress,it shows that the overall design is reasonable and meets the requirements of use.