重塑大学:民初国立大学经费配置的研究性转向

Reshaping Universities: A Research-oriented Turn in the Allocation of Funds in the National Universities of the Early Republic of China

民国初期,国立大学从清末高等教育中嬗变而来,其自身存在着教育质量与发展定位等诸多问题。1917年,在蔡元培等人的极力推动下,教育部重新修订《大学令》,为大学改制确立了法理基础。与此同时,蔡元培效仿德国大学发展模式,在国立北京大学进行改革,力图以学术研究重塑国立大学的内部行政结构,进而推进国立北京大学内部经费配置机制的建立与规范,使之不断偏向于研究性,为国立大学学术研究的定位与发展提供基本的物质和机制保障。学术色彩的大学行政制度与经费配置机制建设,为国立大学实现进一步的发展,乃至构建独立的学术社会,以学术研究服务整个国家,提供了制度上的有力保障。国立大学得以重新塑造。

The national universities of the early Republic of China were evolved from the higher education institutions in the late Qing Dynasty. There were many problems in terms of the quality and orientation of education in these universities. In 1917,at the urge of Cai Yuanpei and others,the Ministry of Education revised the "University Statute"to establish the legal basis for the reform of the universities. At the same time,Cai YuanP ei imitated the development model of German universities and carried out the reform at the National Peking University,trying to reshape the internal administrative structure of the university through academic research,and then to promote the establishment and regulation of the internal funding allocation mechanism of the university,so as to make it more research-oriented and provide basic material and institutional guarantee for the positioning and development of academic research at the university. The construction of the administrative system and funding allocation mechanism with academic overtones provided a strong institutional guarantee for the further development of the national universities,and even for the construction of an independent academic community to serve the whole nation with academic research. National universities were thus reshaped.