信息不对称理论视域下新高考改革的困境及突破

Dilemma and Breakthrough of New College Entrance Examination Reforms:Analysis based on Asymmetric Information Theory

高考是国家的基本教育制度,承担着实现教育公平、人才培养和为国选才的使命。为推动高中学校落实素质教育、实现学生个性与全面发展,国家于2014年拉开了新高考改革的帷幕。由于新高考改革信息质量不对称、高校和学生信息处理能力的有限性以及改革利益相关者的利益驱动,新高考改革遭遇了利益相关者的认知偏差、选考科学性不足、利己行为等困境。基于信息不对称的理论视角研究发现,多级委托—代理传播过程中的"信息损耗"、信息不完整条件下学生与高校的"逆向选择"、契约精神与约束制度弱化下的"道德困境"是造成上述问题的主要原因。为此,拓宽改革信息的传递渠道与交流平台、释放有效招考信息与筛选信号、建构完善的监督预警机制与弘扬契约精神,是改革突破上述困境的有效之策。

College Entrance Examination is the basic education system in China,which undertakes the mission of realizing educational equity,talent training,and talent selection for the country.In order to realize the implementation of quality education,students’ personality and all-round development in high schools,China launched new college entrance examination reforms in 2014.Due to the asymmetric information quality of the new college entrance examination reforms,the limited information processing ability of colleges and students,and the interest driven of the reform stakeholders,the new college entrance examination reform encounters the dilemma of cognitive bias,lack of scientificity and self-interest behavior.From the perspective of information asymmetry theory,the "information loss" in the process of multi-level principal-agent communication,the "adverse selection" between examinees and universities under the condition of incomplete information,and the "moral dilemma" under the weakening of contract spirit and restraint system are the main reasons for the above dilemma.Therefore,it is feasible to broaden the information transmission channels and exchange platform,release the effective recruitment information and screening indications,construct a perfect supervision and early warning mechanism and carry forward the spirit of agreement to avoid the risks.