教育文化史:新文化史视域下的教育史学新范式

Educational Cultural History:A New Paradigm of Educational History from the Perspective of New Cultural History

20世纪末,西方史学发生了"文化转向",新文化史成为史学主流,对历史学及其相关学科都产生了重大影响。教育史作为历史学的分支学科,在新文化史学的影响下逐渐生成一种新的教育史学范式——教育文化史。教育文化史秉持人文主义教育史观,以教育历史中的"文化"为研究对象,积极借鉴人类学、语言学、文化学等学科的研究方法,通过微观视角、底层视角和文化视角来审视历史,视史料为文本,以叙事的方式呈现学术成果。教育文化史的提出,一方面促进了教育史学观念的更新、教育史学研究范围的扩展和教育史学理论体系的完善;另一方面,教育文化史在强调教育的文化解释的同时忽视了教育的社会、经济和政治解释,对教育历史客观性的怀疑可能会引起主观主义的盛行,无所不包而又缺乏中心的做法可能会导致教育史的碎片化。

At the end of the 20th century,the western historiography had experienced a cultural turn,and the new cultural history became the mainstream of history,which had a great influence on history and its related subjects.As a branch of history,and under the influence of new cultural history,educational history has gradually formed a new paradigm of educational history and educational cultural history.The history of education culture adheres to the humanistic view of educational history,takes the culture in the educational history as the research object,actively draws lessons from the research methods of anthropology,linguistics,culture and other disciplines,examines history through multi-level perspectives that takes historical materials as text and presents academic achievements in narrative way.The development of educational culture history has promoted the renewal of educational historiography concept,the expansion of the research scope of educational history and the perfection of educational history theory system.However,the cultural history of education also emphasized the cultural interpretation of education while neglecting the social,economic and political interpretation of education.The uncertainty about the objectivity of educational history may lead to the prevalence of subjectivism,and the collective but lack of central approach may lead to the further division of the educational history.