老子“无为之教”境界及达至路径论

The Realm of Laozi’s Teaching of Inaction and its Approach

《道德经》中,"无为"不仅包含着丰富的治邦修身理念,而且蕴藏着深刻的人生哲理。老子倡导的"无为之教"是循道而为之教,是"不强为、不妄为"之教,是"无为而无不为"之教。"尊道顺性"是"无为之教"的境界体现,"致虚极、守静笃"构成"无为之教"的体道方法。"无为之教"强调,教师要顺应学生的自然本性及发展规律而教,要"示弱"而教,"不智"而教,适度而教,不言而教,用反而教;要依教育之理、顺学生之性;要消解教师不当而为给学生发展带来的干扰和阻滞,在教师貌似消极"无为"中真正实现师生的积极"有为",达至"无为之教"的理想境界。

The concept of inaction provided in the Dao De Jing does not only contains rich ideas of governing the country and cultivating one’s morality,but also contains profound philosophy of life.Lao Zi’s "teaching of inaction" is the teaching of following the way,the teaching of not being strong and not acting rashly,and the teaching of doing nothing but doing everything.Respecting Tao and Obedience is the embodiment of the realm of inaction teaching,and pursuing emptiness and calmness constitutes the way of inaction teaching.Teaching of inaction emphasizes that teachers should teach in accordance with the ordinary nature,develop discipline in students,showing weakness and unwisdom,moderate instruction,and keeping the mind quiet.Teachers should follow the principle of education and the nature of students.In order to achieve the ideal state of inaction teaching,it is necessary to eliminate the interference and block the teachers’ improper actions to the development of students,and truly realize the positive action of teachers and students in the seemingly negative inaction of teachers.