历史唯物主义视野下的事件转向--《德意志意识形态》中的事件问题蠡探

The Turn of Event from the Perspective of Historical Materialism--The Study on Event in The German Ideology

在今天的哲学潮流中,呈现出一个显著的事件转向的潮流,事件转向与语言学转向相对,旨在让哲学重新回到唯物主义的地基上来。实际上,在马克思恩格斯的《德意志意识形态》一书中,已经蕴含对事件问题的思考。在对费尔巴哈的批判过程中,只有通过事件,才能将费尔巴哈的感性唯物主义展现为历史唯物主义。事件并不是孤立的事实,而是一种奠基,让我们可以从全新的架构中去感知和思考存在物。在《德意志意识形态》中,马克思通过对鲍威尔和施蒂纳的批判,也指出了世界历史的变革不可能在“自我意识”“真正的人”“唯一者”等词语的革命上实现,真正的世界历史事件只能在现实的世界里以现实方式发生,正如珍妮走锭精纺机一样,它不仅体现了技术革新,还使工厂制度的主导地位得以奠定,从而促使失去土地的农民和破产的行会手工业者变成工人,实现了从传统社会向资本主义社会的转变。

In today's philosophical trend,there is a significant trend of event-turn,which is opposite to the linguistic turn,aiming at returning philosophy to the foundation of materialism.In fact,the thoughts of Marx and Engels in the Book The German Ideology,already contains to the event question ponder.In the process of criticism of Feuerbach,only through events can Feuerbach's sensual materialism be shown into historical materialism.Events are not isolated facts,but rather a foundation from which we can perceive and think about existence in a completely new structure.In The German Ideology,Marx through criticism of the Bauer and Stirner,also points out that the transformation of world history can't be implemented in the"ego","real man","the one"and other words of revolution.The real world historical events can only happen in the real world by the real way,just as Jenny mule spinning machine,it is not only the innovation of technology,but also laid the dominant position of the factory system,thus the landless farmers and bankrupt guild craftsmen become workers,so as to realize the transformation from traditional society to the capitalist society.