基于DEA-Tobit模型的中国大型体育场馆投入产出效率评价及影响因素研究

DEA-Tobit Model-based Research on the Input-Output Efficiency Evaluation and Influencing Factors of Large-scale Stadiums in China

研究利用全国第六次体育场地普查数据,采用DEA-Tobit两阶段方法对中国31个(不包含港澳台)省、市、自治区大型体育场馆投入产出效率进行研究。研究结果:(1)我国东部、中部、西部综合技术效率不存在显著性差异,有11个省、市、自治区有效。(2)我国东部、中部、西部纯技术效率不存在显著性差异,有13个省、市、自治区有效。(3)我国东部、中部、西部规模效率不存在显著性差异,有12个省、市、自治区有效。(4)我国大型体育场馆产出不足率明显高于投入冗余率;且东部地区的投入冗余率、产出不足率明显高于中部、西部地区。(5)全国有12个省、市、自治区处于规模收益递减阶段;7个省、市、自治区处于规模收益递增阶段。研究结论:(1)我国大型体育场馆投入产出综合技术效率、纯技术效率、规模效率区域差异不显著,但均呈"西高东低"现象。(2)我国大型体育场馆投入产出综合技术效率不高的原因,主要是大型体育场馆投入产出资源配置和利用水平不高导致。(3)发达地区的大型体育场馆投入冗余与产出不足并存,且投入冗余与产出不足均高于中、西部地区。(4)地区经济发展水平、政府意愿、城镇化、地理位置、人力资本因素不同程度抑制大型体育场馆投入产出效率;而仅有人口密度能够全面提升大型体育场馆投入产出效率。

Using the DEA-Tobit two-stage method,this present paper studies the input-output efficiency of large-scale stadiums in 31 provinces,cities and autonomous regions in China(excluding Hong Kong,Macao and Taiwan)with the date from the sixth National Sports Field Census.The results show that:(1)there is no significant difference in comprehensive technical efficiency among the eastern,central and western regions of China,and it is effective only in 11 provinces,municipal cities and autonomous regions;(2)there is no significant difference in pure technical efficiency among the eastern,central and western regions of China,and it is effective only in 13 provinces,municipal cities and autonomous regions;(3)there is no significant difference in scale efficiency among the eastern,central and western regions of China and it is effective only in 12 provinces,municipal cities and autonomous regions;(4)the output shortage rate of large-scale stadiums in China is significantly higher than input redundancy rate and the input redundancy rate and output deficiency rate in the eastern regions are significantly higher than that in the central and western regions;(5)12 provinces,municipal cities and autonomous regions are in the stage of decreasing scale efficiency while 7 provinces,municipal cities and autonomous regions are in the stage of increasing scale efficiency.The conclusions are as follows:(1)the regional differences of input-output comprehensive technical efficiency,pure technical efficiency and scale efficiency of large-scale stadiums in China are not significant,but they are all"high in the West and low in the East";(2)the reasons for the low comprehensive technical efficiency of input-output of large-scale stadiums in China are mainly due to the low allocation and utilization level of input-output resources of large-scale stadiums;(3)the input redundancy and output insufficiency of large-scale stadiums in developed areas coexist,and both are higher than those in central and western areas;(4)regional economic development level,government will,urbanization,geographical location and human resources inhibit the input-output efficiency of large-scale stadiums in various degrees;only population density can comprehensively improve the input-output efficiency of large-scale stadiums.