从《世说新语》看东晋僧人清谈之风

On the Atmosphere of Monks Talking Freely in The Eastern Jin Dynasty from Shi Shuo Xin Yu

东晋时期,名士与名僧交游频繁,出现了“僧人的名士化”这一奇特现象。《世说新语》中的名僧就大都具有名士倾向,其中一个重要特点就是崇尚清谈。他们大多学养深厚,谈锋富赡,清谈之内容十分广泛,除佛理之外,还涉及到《易》理、《庄》理、“才性”之辨以及“圣人有情无情”之辨。此外,僧人们清谈时还追求优雅的风致,且十分注重言辞的声调之美。不过,《世说新语》中名僧名士清谈玄理、佛理,就东晋动荡的政局而言,有一定的消极影响。

During the Eastern Jin Dynasty,famous scholars and famous monks made frequent friends,which led to the strange phenomenon of"monks becoming famous scholars".For example,most of the famous monks in Shishuoxinyu have the tendency of being famous scholars,and one of the important characteristics is to advocate talking freely.Most of the monks in Shishuo were knowledgeable and communicative in a wide range of topics.Apart from Buddhism,they also discussed the principles of Yi,Zhuang,talent and the sentient and heartless nature of the sage.In addition,monks also pursued elegance when talking,and paid great attention to the beauty of tone of speech.Moreover,in the shishuoxinyu,famous monks and scholars talked about metaphysical and Buddhist theories,which had a certain negative influence on the turbulent political situation of the Eastern Jin Dynasty.