山东烟台市芝罘夏家金代墓清理简报

The Clearing Briefing of Jin Tombs at Xiajia Villiage in Zhifu Area, Yantai, Shandong Province

2008年4-5月,由烟台市博物馆组织考古队,在烟台市芝罘区夏家村东北约0.5公里的一处台地上,清理墓葬3座,均为塔式墓,由地上墓塔与地下墓室两部分组成。根据考古发掘资料并结合文献记载,文章认为,夏家墓地为金大定十六年(1176年)僧人法常建的洪福寺的僧侣墓地,也为当地民间传说的"玲珑塔"所在地。其次,塔式墓主要分布于胶东地区,迄今其它地区尚未见到。同时,塔式墓的地下墓室部分均为大石板(块)砌成的覆斗形顶,是唐宋以来通常的墓葬形制,可见其传承之制。三是墓主的身份有两种,僧侣和佛教"在家居士",后者可能是受到佛教墓塔的影响。夏家金代墓地是烟台市首次正式发掘的僧侣墓,填补了烟台市僧侣墓葬材料的空白,为研究金代僧侣墓提供了重要的实物资料。

From April to May in 2008, the archaeological team organized by Yantai Museum cleaned up three tombs on a plateau about 0.5 km to the northeast of Xiajia Village, all of which were pagodatype tombs and composed of an aboveground tomb tower and an underground tomb chamber. Firstly, based on the archaeological excavation and documentary records, the author believes that the Xiajia tomb is the monks’ cemetery in Hongfu Temple built by monk Fachang in 1176, the 16 th year of the Dading, Jin dynasty, which is also the location of the "Linglong Pagoda" known to the local people. Secondly, pagoda-type tombs are mainly distributed in Jiaodong area and have not been discovered in other areas so far. In addition, the underground chambers of pagoda-type tombs with overturned-bucket-shape roofs made up of large flagstones(or stone blocks)were the common burial forms since the Tang and Song dynasties, which showed the inheritance tradition of pagodatype tombs. Thirdly, the identities of the tomb occupants include monks and lay Buddhist, the latter reflected the influence of the Buddhist tomb pagoda. In short, the Jin cemetery at Xiajia village is the monks’ tomb formally excavated for the first time in Yantai. Its discovery provides the important materials for the study of the monks’ tomb of the Jin dynasty in Yantai.