沁源正中村金墓札记

The Notes on the Jin Tomb at Zhengzhong Village in Qinyuan

山西省沁源县正中村金墓发掘于1958年,山西博物院最近将墓葬壁画摹本予以公布。本文首先对壁画的位置进行了复原,为相关研究奠定了基础。其次,利用墓中的长篇题记和人物附近的榜题,理清了壁画人物的身份和关系,并探讨了壁画所绘人物的身份,指出壁画人物中既有墓主形象,也有一些是墓葬建造时尚在世的家庭成员,有些人绘到墓葬中,可能是为了死后葬入,而绘出一些小孩,是为了表现家庭美满。最后根据墓中二十四孝故事图的榜题,对宋金时期孝子故事的顺序等问题进行了分析,认为金代在山西南部流行着一套二十四孝故事文本和图像,而且有固定的排列顺序。正中村金墓的孝子故事图之所以按照逆时针顺序排列,是因为遵循了古代书画书写和阅读从右向左的基本顺序。

The Jin tomb at Zhengzhong Village in Qinyuan, Shanxi province was excavated in 1958, and the copies of the tomb murals were published by Shanxi Museum recently. In this paper, the author first restores the location of the tomb murals, which laid the foundation for related research. Secondly, according to the long inscriptions in the tombs and the titles near the characters, the author clarifies the identity and relationship of the characters in the murals.The author also discusses the nature of the characters in the murals, pointing out that the characters in the murals include both the tomb occuptant and some living family members during the construction of the tomb. Probably, the latter were painted in the mural for being buried in the tomb after they died, while some children were painted to show the happiness of a perfect family. Finally, the analysis of the sequence of the stories about the filial sons in the Northern Song and Jin dynasties was made according to the inscriptions of the twenty-four stories of the filial piety in the tombs, pointing out that a set of texts and images of the twenty-four stories of the filial piety were popular in the southern Shanxi Province in the Jin dynasty and arranged in a fixed order. The images of filial son stories in the tombs at Zhengzhong village are put in the anticlockwise order because ancient Chinese calligraphy and painting are finished and read from right to left.