中国历代小说序跋对《史记》的运用研究

On the Usage of The Grand Scribe's Records in Prefaces and Postscripts of Chinese Novels

《史记》在中国历代小说序跋中被广泛运用。其运用从汉至清呈增长态势,主要集中于杂录、志怪、传奇、讲史、侠义、烟粉、讽喻等小说文类,而于话本、谐谑、神魔等领域则相对较少。这种状况,与《史记》认同度不断提高有密切关联,也说明《史记》在精神内涵与艺术表现上与前者联系较多,与后者联系较少。运用中,在对《史记》敬仰情绪流露基础上,或以《史记》为据,考证小说成书、内容、存在价值,揭示小说创作精神内涵、艺术风格,或以之为据为小说“梦”“怪”、滑稽书写提供正当性支撑,提出小说阅读审美原则。这些活动进行中,《史记》于小说题材开掘、内涵拓展、笔法孕育、理论生成等贡献可清楚看出。同时,小说,尤其是章回小说较之《史记》重传奇、重虚构、生动形象、文笔铺张扬厉等特征也得到了较充分呈现。

The Grand Scribe's Records has been widely used in the prefaces and postscripts of Chinese novels.The usage increased from Han Dynasty to Qing Dynasty,mainly appearing in categories such as miscellany,strange tales,legends,history telling,chivalry,love story,and allegory,while rarely seen in script for story-telling,banter,fictions for demons and monsters.This situation is in accordance with the increasing recognition of The Grand Scribe's Records,which is supposed to have more connectivity with the former categories and less with the latter in terms of spiritual connotation and artistic expression.Admiration for The Grand Scribe's Records revealed,the completion,content and existent value of the novel is examined,exploring the spiritual connotation and artistic style.In other cases,The Grand Scribe's Records provides support for the"dream","monster"and banter writing of the novel,and puts forward the aesthetic principles of novel reading.During these activities,The Grand Scribe's Records contributes to expanding themes and connotation,developing writing approaches and generating theories.Fictions,especially the chapter novel,are presented as paying more attention to legend,fiction,vivid images and extravagant styles than The Grand Scribe's Records.