电子烟、加热烟草产品和水烟烟碱依赖量表的研究进展

Research progress on nicotine dependence scales for e-cigarettes,heated tobacco products and waterpipes

为了解电子烟、加热烟草产品和水烟烟碱依赖相关量表的研究进展,对3种烟碱产品依赖量表的编制方法和心理测量特性进行了综述。经过文献查阅,目前已有9种与电子烟相关、3种与加热烟草产品相关和8种与水烟相关的依赖评价量表。结果表明:①编制方法上。多数量表是基于原有卷烟依赖测试进行产品替换和项目增删,部分量表直接应用于依赖评价,少数为新开发量表。②量表结构上。量表普遍呈现多因素结构,从多个层面综合评价依赖程度。③心理测量特性上。在信度方面,基于原有卷烟依赖量表修改得到的量表,多数表现出良好的同质性信度,说明3种产品与卷烟依赖的相似性;部分修改后量表的信度低于原有卷烟量表,可能是评价内容不适用所导致。在效度方面,包含效度评价的量表多数表现出良好的实证效度或结构效度,但缺乏生化指标评价。未来将在开发多因素量表、对项目优化和补充、对依赖程度进行效标评价等方面开展进一步研究。

In order to investigate the research progress on nicotine dependence scales relating to e-cigarettes,heated tobacco products and waterpipes,the preparation considerations and psychometric characteristics of the existing dependence scales for the three kind products were reviewed.According to the literatures,there have been 9 scales related to e-cigarettes,3 related to heated tobacco products and 8 related to waterpipes.The results showed that:1)In terms of preparation considerations,most of the scales were established on the basis of the cigarette dependence test via product substitution and/or item addition/deletion.Some scales were directly applied,and only a few were newly developed.2)In terms of scale structure,most of the scales presented a multi-factor structure and comprehensively evaluated the dependence from multiple aspects.3)In terms of psychometric characteristics,most scales adapted from cigarette dependence scales appeared to have a higher homogeneity reliability,indicating the similarities of dependence among the three products and cigarettes;the reliability of a few adapted scales were lower than that of the original cigarette versions,which might be caused by inapplicability of the evaluation content.With regard to validity,most scales inclusive of validity test had good criterion-related validity or construct validity.However,there was a lack of biochemical indicator evaluation.Further study could focus on developing multi-dimensional scales,optimizing items and using criterion validity to evaluate the dependence.